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manuscript.”
“Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major worldwide second causative pathogen of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma [1]. Egypt has the highest prevalence of HCV infection in the world where 15% of the total population are infected [2–4]. Although the exact mechanisms of HCV pathogenesis, such as viral persistence, hepatocytes injury, and hepatocarcinogenesis are not fully understood, yet an accumulating body of evidence suggests that apoptosis of hepatocytes is significantly involved in the pathogenesis [5, 6]. Apoptosis plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis through removal of aged cells, damaged cells, and overgrowing new cells [7].