The incidence of permanent recurrent

laryngeal nerve palsy in primary operations was significantly higher in the first period compared to the second period (3.6 vs. 0.9 %; p < 0.001). Permanent hypoparathyroidism decreased from 3.2 % in the first period to 0.8 % in the second period (p < 0.001). The incidence of recurrent goiter surgery decreased from 11.1 % in the first period to 8.1 % in the second period (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found in permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in recurrent disease between the two periods. The socioeconomic benefits of an extended thyroid resection in our patient population are 360 preventable operations, 90 preventable permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsies, and

58 preventable cancers. Furthermore, 37 preventable radioiodine ablations IPI-145 mouse and 15 preventable deaths were associated with more radical thyroid resection.

Improvements in surgical technique and change in surgical strategy significantly decreased the prevalence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, hypoparathyroidism, and recurrent disease as well as reduced public health costs associated with recurrent goiter.”
“After implementing measures to control lead pollution in many countries, blood lead levels (BLLs) in children have been declined. The phase-out of leaded petrol began in Lucknow, the capital of most populated state, Uttar Pradesh in India

ACY-738 on April 1, 2000. We evaluated the mean BLL and associated risk factors for lead exposure in Lucknow children (3-12 years) after petrol lead phase-out activity. The mean BLL of the 200 children was 9.3 mu g/dL (range: 1.0-27.9 mu g/dL). Seventy-four children (37%) had BLL above the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) level of concern (10 mu g/dL). When these data were compared with BLLs determined by the George Foundation among the children of Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Delhi during the year 1997 when leaded petrol was in use, where 62%, 62%, 87%, 96%, 43%, and 95%, respectively, then exceeded the CDC intervention level. Further, BLL of present study was very close to Mumbai children (age <= 12 years) estimated following the introduction of GM6001 cost unleaded petrol, and 33% children had BLL above the CDC concern level with an average 8.4 mu g/dL. Low socioeconomic status, proximity of home to traffic density, and mother’s illiteracy were the factors associated with elevated BLLs in Lucknow children (P < 0.05). Overall, results indicate a declining trend of BLL in Lucknow children when compared with those reported from other cities of India when leaded petrol was in practice. A national population-based study is recommended to determine the prevalence of elevated BLLs after the phase-out of leaded-petrol.