PAICE has the unique ability to color in yellow the expression of genes having multiple family members that lack a consensus in gene expression, i. e. some members are over expressed and others are under expressed. Results Histological examination of RNK infection At 12 dai, galls can be identified as small swellings along the soybean root. Within the gall the nema tode has started feeding and can be visualized by stain ing with acid fuchsin to monitor nematode invasion and development inside the roots. Mature galls are present on soybean roots at 10 wai. Within the gall, mature female M. incognita can be identified easily by staining. Transcript profiling of galls formed by M. incognita infection A comparison of gene expression at12 dai compared to Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries control led to the identification of 1867 genes with greater than 1.

5 fold change in expression. Of these, 1278 genes increased and 589 genes decreased in expression. Transcripts encoding leghemaglobin C1 increased Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries the most at 386 fold. The most down regulated gene was BF070134 with homology to a putative senescence protein 12 and to ERD7, its tran scripts were 77 fold lower than in the control. There were 2108 genes with altered expression in galls at 10 wai. Of these, 1460 genes Brefeldin_A increased in expression and 648 genes decreased in expression. The transcript of the gene encoding pathogenesis related protein PR1a increased the most at 258 fold. As in the 12 dai experiment, the most down regulated gene was BF070134 with transcripts 172 fold lower than the con trol.

When gene expression at 10 wai was compared directly to 12 dai, 827 genes were up regulated, while 535 genes were down regulated. In this case, transcripts of Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries the gene encoding the cysteine rich plant defense protein, defensin, increased the most at 63 fold, while the transcripts of the gene encod ing xylene serine peptidase 1, subtilase decreased the most at 126 fold. Mitosis and cell division Our data reflect changes in expression of numerous genes involved in nuclear regulation and cell division in the gall at 12 dai and 10 wai. For example two genes were increased in transcript abundance that are regulators of the cell cycle. These genes encode two NDR family members of AGC kinase, and they are increased in expression 24. 5 fold and 5 fold at 12 dai. By 10 wai genes of several NDR family members are expressed less than at 12 dai, i. e.

BI968028 at 5. 5 fold, AW156706 at 2. 6 fold, and CF806406 at 9. 6 fold. Transcripts of numerous cyclin dependent protein kinases are in greater abundance at 12 dai than in control tissues. This correlates well with the increase in nuclear division that occurs in giant cell. In addition, the gene encoding RBR1 Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries retinoblastoma related protein, which modulates E2F transcripton fac tors that inhibit cell proliferation, is also increased at 12 dai.