The overall documentation framework consisted of 4 levels: First: Policies and Quality Manual; Second: Guidelines and Specifications;

Third: SOPs; Fourth: records and forms. A total of 12 clinical trials were performed between 1997 and 2012 in South Korea, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, North Korea, Bangladesh and China, to support registration of the product KPT-330 order and WHO prequalification. The JE vaccine has been registered in 11 countries outside of China with more than 200 million doses supplied to date. Key areas of learning include: (1) staff needed to be stimulated and inspired; (2) commitment from political leaders was very important; (3) good and clear internal and external communication was critical. Allocation of limited resources to complete the project within the planned timeframe was an ongoing challenge. N. Imbault, from the European Vaccine Initiative, presented the African clinical trials networks, funded by different parties including European and Developing Countries Trial Partnership (EDCTP), European Commission (EC), Malaria Vaccine Initiative, PATH, and Meningitis Vaccine Project (MVP). Capacity building activities of EDCTP and

upgrades of infrastructure started in 2003, by investing in long, medium and short term training JNK inhibitor activities. First round of clinical trials focused on HIV, TB and malaria. Second round will include other neglected diseases such as leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, trachoma. The first Network of Excellence (NoE) was the Central African Network on TB HIV/AIDS and malaria (CANTAM – www.cantam.org).

The second NoE, the East Africa Consortium for Clinical Research (EACCR Bumetanide – www.eaccr.org). The West Africa NoE for TB, AIDS and Malaria (WANETAM – www.wanetam.org). The fourth NoE, located in southern Africa, the Trials of Excellence for Southern Africa (TESA – www.tesafrica.org). Significant investment has been made by EDCTP in capacity building in ethics to enable Institutional Review Boards and Health Research Ethics Committees to be functional and independent. EDCTP has also funded the African Vaccines and Regulators’ Forum (AVAREF), coordinated by WHO, as a platform for joint review and GCP inspection of Clinical Trials in Africa. EDCTP has established a site ranking process based on 10 factors ranging from laboratories to sample repository to finance and administration to ethics. To date 30 projects have been funded, for microbicides, HIV vaccine candidates, TB treatments, TB vaccine candidates, malaria treatment and malaria vaccine candidates. One example of network project is the Malaria Vectored Vaccine Consortium (MVVC), established in 2010 to develop a malaria vaccine candidate: a fully GCP compliant site with capacity in biochemistry, hematology, parasitology and immunology, management of samples and storage of investigational products such as vaccines. The MVP is another example of a project with study sites in India, Mali, The Gambia, Ghana and Senegal. C.