Secondary endpoints included changes in areal bone mineral density (BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DXA]) and serum markers of bone turnover including type I collagen peptides CrossLaps (CTX), procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and osteocalcin (OC). At baseline, cancellous bone matrix mineralization from mOP was lower than published reference data (mean degree of mineralization Cn.CaMean -1.8%, p smaller than 0.01). IBN treatment increased calcium concentrations versus baseline (Cn.CaMean +2.4%, Ct.CaMean, +3.0% both p smaller than 0.01), and reduced heterogeneity of mineralization (Cn.CaWidth -14%, p=0.044; Ct.CaWidth, -16%, p=0.001),

leading to cancellous BMDD within normal range. IBN treatment was associated with a decrease in porosity Selleck MDV3100 of mineralized cortical tissue (-25%, p=0.01); increases in BMD at the lumbar spine, the femoral neck, and the total hip (+3.3%, +1.9%, and +5.6%, respectively, p 0.01); and reductions in CTX (-37.5%), P1NP (-44.4%), and OC (-36.3%, all

p smaller than 0.01). Our BMDD findings are in line with the reduction of bone turnover markers and the increase in BMD by IBN in our patients and suggest that see more the latter mainly reflects the increase in matrix mineralization and the reduction of cortical porosity in this cohort with mOP. (c) 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.”
“Polymerizable lipids have been used in research and medical applications such as membrane models, imaging platforms,

drug delivery systems, vaccine carriers, biosensors, and coating materials. The polymerization selleck chemicals llc of these lipid molecules forms a covalent bond between lipid moieties, which improves the noncovalent interactions that maintain the lipid lamellar phase architecture and increases the stability of the polymerized system. Because such lipid molecules form nanoassemblies with modifiable structures that acquire the stability of polymers following covalent bond formation, these lipids are of considerable Interest in the emerging field of theranostics.\n\nIn this Account, we summarize the biomedical applications of polymerizable lipids (primarily phospholipids) in the context of various nanoplatforms. We discuss stable nanoplatforms, which have been used in a variety of theranostics applications. In addition, we describe methods for assembling triggerable theranostics by combining appropriate nonpolymerizable lipids with polymerizable lipids.\n\nPolymeric lipids hold promise as nanotools in the field of medical imaging, targeting, and on-demand drug delivery. Because of their similarity to biological lipids, long-term toxicity issues from polymerizable lipid nanoplatforms are predicted to be minimal. Although the field of polymeric nanocapsules is still in development, intensive efforts are underway to produce systems which could be applied to disease diagnosis and treatment.