01). The comparison of double and triple antibiotic combinations against planktonic and sessile cells as determined by the inhibition of more than 90% of the strains, revealed no significant difference. Vancomycin and tigecycline were the most effective antibiotics for all isolates in planktonic and sessile

cells. Combinations containing vancomycin and rifampicin showed the best activity both double and triple antibiotic combinations against biofilm. In conclusion, our data indicated that combination therapy, especially double combinations of antibiotics seem to be a rational approach for biofilm-related infections.”
“We compared the population selleck chemicals growth patterns of 5 species of the rotifer genus Lecane [(L. quadridentata (Ehrenberg, 1830), L. comuta (Muller, 1786), L. papuana (Murray, 1913), L. unguitata (Fadeev, 1925) and L. pyriformis (Daday, 1905)] ranging in adult average body size from 30 to 140 mu m. All species were cultured under laboratory conditions for 25-30 days using the green

alga Scenedesmus acutus as the exclusive diet, at a density of 1.0 GSK1210151A mouse X 10(6) cells ml(-1) at 24 degrees C. Regardless of the species, lecanids reached their peak population densities after 4 weeks. Peak population densities ranged from 15 to 320 ind. ml(-1), depending on body size. There was an inverse curvilinear relation between body lengths and peak population abundances (densities) of the Lecane species. Egg ratios (eggs per female) for the tested species were <0.6

during the exponential phase but declined to 0.1 (or lower) as the population density increased. The rates of population increase for the lecanids were in general lower (0.10 to 0.21 day(-1)) than other well-studied p38 MAPK assay rotifer species including members of Brachionidae.”
“Kalanchoe delagoensis, K. daigremontiana and their hybrid (Houghton’s hybrid) are invasive in tropical regions. One outstanding feature of these Madagascan succulent plants is the growth of clonal propagules from the margin of their leaves. Using eight microsatellite loci, we estimated the genetic diversity of introduced populations of these species and their hybrid in Mexico. For K. daigremontiana and Houghton’s hybrid, we registered one multilocus genotype in all populations, which were separated by several hundred km. The same occurred in K. delagoensis populations where only four multilocus genotypes were present (A, B, C and D), although genotype A accounted for 86 % of all screened individuals of that population. The other three genotypes were in low frequencies and did not present new alleles, indicating that they are very likely derived by sexual recombination. However, sexual reproduction seems not to have occurred in the other populations. The presence of just one genotype of the hybrid suggests that hybridization between K. delagoensis and K.