05, 0.1, and 0.15 mg/kg or placebo during 1 week. Sleep was assessed with log and Selleckchem OSI-027 actigraphy during this week and the week before. Outcomes were the shifts in DLMO, SO, and SOL.
Treatment with melatonin significantly advanced SO and DLMO by approximately 1 h and decreased SOL by 35 min. Within the three melatonin groups, effect size was not different, but the circadian time of administration (TOA) correlated significantly with treatment effect on DLMO (r (s) = -0.33, p = 0.022) and SO (r (s) = -0.38, p = 0.004), whereas clock TOA was correlated with SO shift (r = -0.35, p = 0.006) and not with DLMO shift.
No dose-response relationship of melatonin
with SO, SOL, and DLMO is found within a dosage range of 0.05-0.15 mg/kg. The effect of exogenous melatonin on SO, SOL, and DLMO increases with an earlier circadian TOA. The soporific effects
of melatonin enhance the SO shift. This study demonstrates that melatonin for treatment of CSOI in children is effective in a dosage of 0.05 mg/kg given at least 1 to 2 h before DLMO and before desired bedtime.”
“Several psychiatric disorders involving the prefrontal Danusertib research buy cortex (PFC) are associated with a dysfunction of 5-HT1A receptors (5-HT1AR). These receptors, located on interneurons and pyramidal neurons, may influence neuronal excitability through a regulation of the balance between excitation (E) and inhibition (I).
Patch-clamp recordings in mouse cortical slices were performed to determine the modulatory role of 5-HT1AR on the excitability and the synaptic plasticity of layer 5 pyramidal neurons (L5PyNs) of the PFC. This was done by a comparison of postsynaptic currents evoked by electrical stimulation in layer 2/3 of 5-HT1AR-KO and wild-type (WT) mice.
We observed
that the E-I balance was significantly changed from 20% E-80% I in WT mice to 23% E-77% I in 5-HT1AR-KO mice, demonstrating that 5-HT(1A)Rs contribute to the control of the balance between excitation and inhibition. Furthermore, we show that interfering with 5-HT1AR reduced the magnitude of the long term potentiation of excitation (e(LTP)) (induced by high frequency stimulation). In addition, we show that 5-HT(1A)Rs determine the orientation of the Tacrolimus (FK506) synaptic plasticity towards LTP or LTD or no plasticity through the modulation of NMDAR-mediated currents.
Our data point out to a unique role of 5-HT1A postsynaptic receptors in PFC to adapt the functional plasticity of L5PyNs towards LTP, LTD or no plasticity. This brings a new way to intervene on neuronal networks of the PFC in anxiety disorders and schizophrenia. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: Guidelines for staging Wilms tumor mandate regional lymph node sampling at nephrectomy. However, the usefulness of preoperative computerized tomography in staging lymph nodes has not been rigorously investigated.