2 mm), while 4 exhibited significant decompression based shift (mean: 4.7 mm), and 3 showed significant shear displacement along the surface of the brain (mean: 7.1 mm).\n\nDiscussion: Shift in electrode position with respect to the cortical surface has never been

precisely measured. We show that in 50% of our cases statistically significant shift occurred. These observations demonstrate the potential utility of complimenting electrode position measures at the reopening of the craniotomy with 3D electrode and brain surface models derived from post-implantation CT and MR imaging for better definition of surgical boundaries. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“RNA processing and degradation is initiated by endonucleolytic cleavage of the target RNAs. In many bacteria, this activity is performed by RNase E which is not present in Bacillus subtilis and other Gram-positive bacteria. Recently, the essential endoribonuclease RNase Y has Milciclib been discovered in B. subtilis. This RNase is involved in the degradation of bulk mRNA suggesting a major role in RNA metabolism. However, only a few targets of RNase Y have been identified so far. In order to assess the global impact of RNase Y, we compared the transcriptomes in response to the expression level of RNase Y. Our results demonstrate that processing by RNase Y results in accumulation of about 550

mRNAs. Some of these targets were substantially stabilized by RNase Y depletion, resulting in half-lives in the range of an hour. Moreover, about 350 mRNAs were less abundant 3-deazaneplanocin A when RNase Y was depleted among them the mRNAs of the operons required for biofilm formation. Interestingly, overexpression selleck inhibitor of RNase Y was sufficient to induce biofilm formation. The results presented in this work emphasize the importance of RNase Y as the global acting endoribonuclease for B. subtilis.”
“Introduction: In Australia, post-marketing surveillance for intussusception following vaccination commenced with funding of RotaTeq (R) and Rotarix (R) vaccines under the National Immunization Program (NIP) in July 2007.\n\nMethods: Two

active surveillance mechanisms (hospital-based case ascertainment and monthly reports from paediatricians) identified intussusception cases between 1st July 2007 and 31st December 2008 in four states. Linkage to vaccination records identified cases occurring within 1-7 and 1-21 days of rotavirus vaccination. Expected cases within the post-vaccination windows were calculated by applying rates of intussusception from national hospitalisation data over 6 years (mid-2000 to mid-2006), by age and state, to numbers vaccinated (by dose) according to the Australian Childhood Immunization Register.\n\nResults: Combining exposure windows associated with all doses of rotavirus vaccine from 1 to 9 months of age, there was no evidence of an increased risk of intussusception following vaccination for either vaccine.