At none of the doses used Urtica dioica extract changed serum ALP relative to that of the fructose group. However, at 100 and 200 mg/kg/day, the extract increased serum AST relative to that of the fructose group (table 1). Effect of Extract on Leptin The fructose-treated group had a significantly (P<0.05) higher serum leptin compared to that of the control group. Urtica dioica extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, but not 200 mg/kg/day, reduced serum leptin compared to that of the fructose group

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (table 1). Discussion Type 2 diabetes is a multi-factorial disease, frequently associated with a cluster of pathologies including obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. Fructose intake Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical may be associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes through several biological mechanisms.12 A higher fructose intake may play a role in an increase in body weight due to the positive energy balance. Positive energy balance leads to obesity that is associated with a higher concentration of nonesterified fatty acids, which may reduce insulin sensitivity, increase hepatic

glucose production, and have a deleterious effect Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical on the beta cell function.13 Golalipour et al showed that the protective administration of hydroalcholic extract of Urtica dioica had hypoglycemic effect as well as protective activity on pancreatic beta cells in hyperglycemic Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical rats.14 Our findings are agreement with those of Ahangarpour,11 and Jalal’s,15 studies that higher intake of fructose increased glucose, insulin, and FIRI. Therefore fructose may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. The

increase of serum glucose by fructose in our study is similar to that of Magno et al.16 who showed that glucose namely concentrations increased to 145-150 mg/dl in animals drinking 10% fructose solutions. This shows that animals in the present study were diabetic. Urtica dioica is known in Iran’s folk medicine to have hypotensive and antidiabetic activities.4 Domola Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical et al showed that Urtica Brefeldin_A dioica reduced blood glucose levels upon oral ingestion.17 Moreover, it was shown that a http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Trichostatin-A.html preparation containing various plants with Urtica dioica extract had antidiabetic activity.18 However, other studies reported no hypoglycemic action of this plant.19 The results of this study showed that hydroalcoholic extract of Urtica dioica leaves could decrease the blood glucose and insulin in hyperglycemic rats, which may be caused in part by the reduction of insulin resistance. Cholesterol is one of the body fats and is an important building block in the structure of biological membranes, and used in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, bile acids and vitamin D. Moreover, the high cholesterol concentration in the blood increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases.