haematoceps collected in affected rapeseed fields. Sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene confirmed that the associated phytoplasma detected in Zarghan rapeseed plant is closer to the members of the subgroup 16SrI-B than to other

members of the AY group. This is the first report of natural occurrence and characterization of rapeseed phyllody phytoplasma, including its vector identification, in Iran. “
“Terminal heat and spot blotch caused by Cochliobolus sativus are important stresses causing significant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield losses in the south Asian plains. Recent studies have shown that chlorophyll-related traits are correlated with heat stress and spot blotch resistance in wheat. This study was conducted to DAPT clinical trial evaluate leaf photochemical efficiency and leaf greenness (measured as SPAD value) for combined selection of spot blotch and terminal heat selleck kinase inhibitor stress. The efficiency of photosystem II was measured as ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence, Fv/Fm, using chlorophyll fluorometer build on pulse modulation principle. The study was conducted in three spring wheat populations derived by crossing spot blotch–resistant wheat genotypes ‘Milan/Shanghai#7’, ‘Chirya.3’ and ‘NL971’ with a susceptible cultivar ‘BL 1473’. The F3 and F4 generations were grown under natural epiphytotics of spot blotch either in optimal

or in terminal heat stress conditions at Rampur, Nepal. The heritability (h2) of Fv/Fm, SPAD measurements and their genetic correlation with 1000-kernel

weight (TKW) and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) were estimated. The h2 estimates for Fv/Fm and SPAD measurements were moderate to high. In addition, AUDPC and TKW showed low to high genetic correlation with these traits. These findings suggest that Fv/Fm and SPAD measurements could be used as complementary traits in selecting for spot blotch resistance and heat tolerance in wheat. “
“Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is a whitefly-transmitted, phloem-limited, bipartite Crinivirus. In 2012, severe interveinal symptoms characteristic of ToCV infections medchemexpress were observed in greenhouse tomato plants in the Shandong province of China. High levels of infestation by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), which transmit ToCV, were also observed on tomato plants in all the greenhouses investigated. The presence of ToCV was confirmed by specific RT-PCR either in the sampled plants or in the whiteflies collected from the ventral surface of the leaves of diseased plants. The complete genomic nucleotide sequences (RNA1 and RNA2) of the Shandong isolate of ToCV (ToCV-SDSG) were determined and analysed. ToCV-SDSG RNA1 consisted of 8594 nucleotides encompassing four open reading frames (ORFs). ToCV-SDSG RNA2 consisted of 8242 nucleotides encompassing nine ORFs. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the Chinese ToCV-SDSG isolate is most similar to the ToCV-Florida isolate.