However, in contrast to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, neural invasion in pancreatic endocrine tumors

was only detected within the turner boundaries and did not reach beyond the tumor invasion front. This phenomenon may explain the low rate of local relapses after turner resection in pancreatic endocrine tumors despite the high frequency of neural invasion. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Objectives: To examine the association PRIMA-1MET in vivo between socioeconomic status (SES) and several cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVRFs) and to assess whether this association has changed over a 15-year observation period.\n\nMethods: Three independent population-based surveys of CVRFs were conducted in representative samples of all adults aged 25-64 years in the Seychelles, a small island state located east to Kenya, in 1989 (N = 1081), 1994 (N = 1067) and 2004 (N = 1255).\n\nResults: Among men, current smoking and heavy drinking were more prevalent in the low versus the high SES group,

and obesity was less prevalent. The socioeconomic gradient in diabetes ERK inhibitor reversed over the study period from lower prevalence in the low versus the high SES group to higher prevalence in the low SES group. Hypercholesterolemia was less prevalent in the low versus the high SES group in 1989 but the prevalence was similar in the two groups in 2004. Hypertension showed no consistent socioeconomic pattern. Among women, the SES gradient in smoking tended to reverse over time from lower prevalence in the low SES group to lower prevalence in the high SES group. Obesity and diabetes were more common in the low versus the high SES group over the study period. Heavy drinking, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were not socially patterned among women.\n\nConclusion: The prevalence of

several CVRFs was higher in low versus high SES groups in a rapidly developing country in the African region, and an increase of the burden of these CVRFs in the most disadvantaged groups of the population was observed over the 15 years study period. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Clark, M. H., Hoenig, M., Ferguson, D. C., Dirikolu, L. Pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone in lean and obese PXD101 supplier cats. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 428-436.\n\nPioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer that has shown efficacy in Type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in humans. It may be useful for treatment of similar conditions in cats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone in lean and obese cats, to provide a foundation for assessment of its effects on insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. Pioglitazone was administered intravenously (median 0.2 mg/kg) or orally (3 mg/kg) to 6 healthy lean (3.96 +/- 0.56 kg) and 6 obese (6.43 +/- 0.48 kg) cats, in a two by two Latin Square design with a 4-week washout period.