In addition, in both the in-degree and the out-degree, male pedestrians are higher than females. It means that male pedestrians are more likely to follow others than females, and male pedestrians’ behavior is more likely to attract other pedestrians. Through analyzing the pedestrians illegal behavior WAY-100635 ic50 spread rule, an important conclusion is found: as the spreading rate increases, the violation rate of pedestrians crossing street is higher. Therefore, improving pedestrians’ safety awareness

and compliance awareness can reduce the probability of pedestrian violations and improve pedestrian safety at signalized intersections. Acknowledgments This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51308298 and 51308311), Project of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China (2013-K5-20), and Project of Nanjing University of Science and Technology. Conflict of Interests The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
With the acceleration of the urbanization and the rapid expansion of cities, China has been experiencing a continuous increase in urban population. Consequently, sharp growth in the total travel volume as well as the travel distance of urban residents is witnessed in Chinese cities. As a result, the urban transport structure has undergone significant

negative changes: the proportion of motorized travel has risen rapidly while the proportion of nonmotorized travel has gone through a constant decline. These changes raise enormous challenges to Chinese cities with the worsening traffic urban congestion and the rising pressure on environmental pollution and energy consumption. Therefore, the urban transport has become the bottle neck for sustainable urban development.

Given the shortage of transport and environmental resources, many issues have to be addressed before an inclusive urban transport system is established in which public transport plays the leading role and the basic travel demands of the wider public are met. These issues include Carfilzomib the rapid increase in the number of private automobiles, the deterioration of urban congestion conditions, and the situation where urban public transport plays a passive role in urban development. These make public transport speed up the pace of development to face severe problems. In an effort of facilitating urban public transport development and improving public transport service capacities, Chinese government has launched the public transport priority development strategy in 2005. The initiative includes the implementation of scientific planning and control, line network optimization, infrastructure construction, and information services improvement as well as other supplementary measures.