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“Introduction Botryosphaeria was introduced by Cesati and De Notaris (1863). Saccardo (1877) emended the initial generic description and transferred the hypocreaceous species amongst them to Gibberella and Lisea. Because Cesati and De Notaris (1863) did not designate a type species, von Höhnel (1909) suggested Botryosphaeria berengeriana De Not., while Theissen and Sydow (1915) suggested B. selleck compound quercuum (Schwein.) Sacc., which could be regarded as generic lectotypes. Neither proposal was accepted because these species were not included in the original description of the genus (Cesati and De Notaris 1863). Therefore, Barr (1972) proposed B. dothidea (Moug. : Fr.) Ces. & De Not, one

of the species originally included by Cesati and De Notaris (1863), as the lectotype of this genus. This proposal has generally been accepted and Slippers et al. (2004b) proposed a neotype and epitype to stabilize the type species B. dothidea and provided a modern description of this genus based on these new types. Species of Botryosphaeria are cosmopolitan in distribution and occur on a wide range of monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous and gymnosperm hosts; on woody branches, herbaceous Megestrol Acetate leaves, stems and culms of grasses; and on twigs and in the thalli of lichens (Barr 1987; Denman et al. 2000; Mohali et al. 2007; Lazzizera et al. 2008a; Marincowitz et al. 2008. Taxa range in habit from saprobic to parasitic or endophytic (Smith et al. 1996; Denman et al. 2000; Phillips et al. 2006; Slippers and Wingfield 2007; Huang et al. 2008; Pérez et al. 2010; Ghimire et al. 2011; González and Tello 2011), and cause die-back and canker diseases of numerous woody hosts (von Arx 1987; Damm et al. 2007a; Phillips et al. 2007; Slippers et al. 2007; Alves et al. 2008; Lazzizera et al. 2008b; Marincowitz et al. 2008; Zhou et al. 2008; Pérez et al. 2010; Adesemoye and Eskalen 2011; Urbez-Torres et al.