P300 except responds to a specific stimulus and it is a positive component that occurs between 200 and 500 ms after the stimulus [7]. Thus, it can be used Lenalidomide cost to perceive a user’s intention in a conventional speller user Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries interface (UI) system. However, unintended EEG signals such as noise��which is caused by movements such as eye blinking and head movement��can cause the selection of the wrong character or word in a speller UI. And there are many individual variations in the EEG signals, even for ERP P300. In order to solve these problems, we newly propose a method to perceive a user’s intention by combining gaze-tracking and EEG signals.Gaze-tracking can be used to determine the user’s region of intention on the basis of the eye movement [8].

There are two types of Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries devices used to measure a user’s gaze position: wearable and non-wearable devices.

Gaze-tracking can Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries be applied in many fields. Automotive safety systems improve driving safety by detecting the driver’s gaze position [9]. Other applications include sports science, neuro-marketing, and human-computer interfaces [10�C12]. The accuracy of wearable gaze-tracking system is generally better than that of a non-wearable system, and the wearable system can be easily combined with a wearable EEG measurement device. So, we combine a wearable wireless device for measuring the EEG signal and a wearable universal serial bus (USB) camera-based gaze-tracking device in order to measure both the EEG signal and the gaze position.

The gaze position was determined on the basis of the center of the pupil and four specular reflections generated by the four near-infrared (NIR) illuminators on the Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries four corners of the monitor.

By analyzing the EEG signals on the basis Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of the area defined by the gaze position, the accuracy of perceiving the user’s intention was enhanced in the speller UI system. In general, a speller UI system has a 6 �� 6 matrix of alphanumeric characters, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries which has a disadvantage in that the number of characters is limited to a maximum of 36. In order to solve this problem, a 12 �� 12 matrix that includes 144 characters is newly adopted in this Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries research, and the error in perceiving the user’s intention based on the EEG signals AV-951 was reduced by using gaze-tracking.

Carfilzomib The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents the proposed device and methods. Section 3 presents the experimental results and analysis.

Finally, Section 4 shows the conclusions.2.?Proposed Device and Methods2.1. Proposed Device for EEG Measurement and Gaze-TrackingFigure Nintedanib mechanism 1 shows a flowchart of the proposed method. After the proposed system is started, the user’s gaze position is measured nearly (see details in Section 2.2).Figure 1.Flow chart of the proposed method.The analysis area for the EEG signal is determined on the basis of the user’s gaze position.