PubMedCrossRef 24. Kreipe H, Radzun HJ, Rudolph P, Barth J, Hansmann ML, Heidorn K, Parwaresch MR: Multinucleated giant cells generated in vitro. Terminally differentiated macrophages

with down-regulated c-fms expression. Am J Pathol 1988, 130:232–243.PubMedCentralPubMed 25. Lazarus D, Yamin M, McCarthy K, Schneeberger EE, Kradin R: Anti-RMA, a murine monoclonal antibody, activates rat macrophages: II. Induction of DNA synthesis and formation of multinucleated giant cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1990, 3:103–111.PubMedCrossRef 26. McInnes A, Rennick DM: Interleukin 4 induces cultured monocytes/macrophages to form giant multinucleated cells. J Exp Med 1988, 167:598–611.PubMedCrossRef 27. Orentas RJ, Reinlib L, Hildreth JE: Anti-class II MHC antibody induces multinucleated giant cell formation from

peripheral blood monocytes. J Leukoc Biol 1992, 51:199–209.PubMed RG7112 mw 28. Postlethwaite AE, Jackson BK, Beachey EH, Kang AH: Formation of multinucleated giant cells from human monocyte precursors. Mediation by a soluble protein from antigen-and mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. J Exp Med 1982, 155:168–178.PubMedCrossRef AZD1390 clinical trial 29. Sone S, Bucana C, Hoyer LC, Fidler IJ: Kinetics and ultrastructural studies of the induction of rat alveolar macrophage fusion by mediators released from mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. Am J Pathol 1981, 103:234–246.PubMedCentralPubMed 30. Tabata N, Ito M, Shimokata K, Suga S, Ohgimoto S, Tsurudome M, Kawano M, Matsumura H, Komada H, Nishio M, Ito Y: Expression of fusion regulatory proteins (FRPs) on human peripheral blood monocytes. Induction of homotypic cell aggregation and formation of multinucleated giant cells by anti-FRP-1 monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol 1994, 153:3256–3266.PubMed 31. Takashima T, Ohnishi K, Tsuyuguchi I, Kishimoto S: Differential regulation of formation of multinucleated giant cells from concanavalin

A-stimulated human blood monocytes by IFN-gamma and IL-4. J Immunol 1993, 150:3002–3010.PubMed 32. Weinberg JB, Hobbs MM, Misukonis MA: Recombinant human gamma-interferon induces human monocyte polykaryon formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984, 81:4554–4557.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef 33. Chambers TJ: Multinucleate giant cells. J Pathol 1978, 126:125–148.PubMedCrossRef 34. Most J, Neumayer HP, Dierich MP: Cytokine-induced Pregnenolone generation of multinucleated giant cells in vitro requires interferon-gamma and expression of LFA-1. Eur J Immunol 1990, 20:1661–1667.PubMedCrossRef 35. Kyriakides TR, Foster MJ, Keeney GE, Tsai A, Giachelli CM, Clark-Lewis I, Rollins BJ, Bornstein P: The CC chemokine ligand, CCL2/MCP1, participates in macrophage fusion and foreign body giant cell formation. Am J Pathol 2004, 165:2157–2166.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef 36. Yagi M, Vactosertib solubility dmso Miyamoto T, Sawatani Y, Iwamoto K, Hosogane N, Fujita N, Morita K, Ninomiya K, Suzuki T, Miyamoto K, Oike Y, Takeya M, Toyama Y, Suda T: DC-STAMP is essential for cell-cell fusion in osteoclasts and foreign body giant cells.