cholerae in the small chromosome and in one case a difference in the relationships among V. vulnificus strains. Figure 3 shows the topologies resulting from analyses of LCBs in concatenation from the large, small, and both chromosomes concatenated. Clades are labeled P=Photobacterium clade, C=V. cholerae clade, O=V. orientalis clade, and V=V. vulnificus clade. This will allow the easy tracking of common groups of species throughout the discussion. Figure 4 shows the topology resulting from analysis of the large chromosome in RaxML (this tree was the same as that when the small and large chromosomes were concatenated).

Instead of bootstrap or jackknife support, which are 100% for all nodes when so many data are included, the percentage of LCBs

from both the large and small chromosomes for which TGF-beta inhibitor individual SB202190 purchase analysis also produced the node of interest is shown above the nodes. This could be considered a level of support when traditional methods do not provide any variation in levels across the tree. Trees resulting from random selection of nucleotides from concatenated alignments are shown in Additional file 4: Table S6. Data have been deposited on Dryad. Figure 3 Vibrionaceae 19–taxon trees from analysis of concatenated datasets. Topologies resulting from analyses of concatenated 19–taxon datasets. (a) RaxML large chromosome, and both chromosomes concatenated, (b) RaxML small chromosome, (c) TNT large chromosome and both chromosomes concatenated, and (d) TNT small chromosome. Clades are labeled P=Photobacterium clade, C=V. cholerae clade, O=V. orientalis clade, and V=V. vulnificus clade. Figure 4 Vibrionaceae 19–taxon RaxML tree dipyridamole with support values. Topology resulting from a RaxML analysis of the large chromosome and also both chromosomes concatenated with support

values at the nodes. The first number represents the percentage of LCBs of the large chromosome that when analyzed with ML, also contain that particular node. The second number represents the percentage of LCBs on the small chromosome that when analyzed with ML, also contain that particular node. Discussion Shewanella oneidensis is the only outgroup species included because ABT737 Shewanellaceae is known to be sister to Vibrionaceae based on previous work [1] and because the inclusion of additional, more distant outgroup taxa would likely further reduce the percent coverage of LCBs present in all taxa, particularly since the number of ingroup taxa in this study was more than twice what it was in the recent study on Shewanellaceae [10]. In that paper, three outgroup species were chosen, of three different genera, because there was no phylogenetic precedent showing which genus would be an appropriate outgroup, or even if these outgroup genera were distinct from the ingroup genera in a phylogenetic sense. The % primary homology coverage is 29.4% (for V.