Table 2Results of analysis of monocytes and of subsets of lymphocytes of blood samples of nine patients with sepsis processed before and seven nearly hours after courier transportationExpression of HLA-DR on monocytes and the rate of apoptosis of monocytes did not differ between patients with different types of infection in relation to sepsis severity (Figure (Figure1).1). However regarding patients with acute pyelonephritis and intraabdominal infection, expression of HLA-DR was significantly decreased among patients with severe sepsis/shock compared with patients with sepsis (P of comparisons 0.014 and 0.011, respectively, after adjustment for multiple comparisons). Similar difference was found regarding the rate of apoptosis of monocytes of patients with acute pyelonephritis (P < 0.

001 after adjustment for multiple comparisons). From the above differences the only one related with final outcome was expression of HLA-DR on monocytes of patients with acute pyelonephritis. Mean �� SE CD14/HLA-DR co-expression of survivors was 79.2 �� 1.99% and of non-survivors 58.2 �� 14.20% (P = 0.011 after adjustment for multiple comparisons).Figure 1Expression of HLA-DR on monocytes and rate of apoptosis of monocytes within the first 24 hours of diagnosis among patients with sepsis in relation to the underlying infection. Patients are divided according to sepsis severity. Double asterisks denote …Regarding patients with sepsis, absolute counts of NK cells were greater among those with CAP compared with the other underlying infections (P = 0.018 by ANOVA, Figure Figure2).2).

In patients with VAP/HAP Cilengitide and severe sepsis/shock, the rate of apoptosis of NK cells differed significantly compared with patients with VAP/HAP and sepsis (P < 0.001 after adjustment for multiple comparisons). Among patients with acute pyelonephritis or primary bacteremia or VAP/HAP and severe sepsis/shock, the rate of apoptosis of NKT cells differed significantly compared with the rate of apoptosis of patients with similar infections and sepsis (P of comparisons 0.035, 0.024 and 0.003, respectively, after adjustment for multiple comparisons).Figure 2Absolute counts and rates of apoptosis of NK cells and of NKT lymphocytes within the first 24 hours of diagnosis among patients with sepsis in relation to the underlying infection. Patients are divided according to sepsis severity. Single asterisk denotes …Characteristics of adaptive immunity in relation to the underlying infectionRegarding patients with sepsis, absolute counts of CD8-lymphocytes and their rate of apoptosis were greater among patients suffering from intraabdominal infections compared with patients suffering from other infections (P of comparisons 0.008 and 0.001, respectively, by ANOVA, Figure Figure3).3).