Taken together, these studies suggest that KSHV has evolved to ex

Taken together, these studies suggest that KSHV has evolved to exploit ANG for its advantage via a so-far-unexplored PLC-gamma pathway for maintaining its latency.”
“BACKGROUND: In ruptured cerebral aneurysms (RCAs), identification of the rupture point of a cerebral aneurysm is useful for treatment planning. In unruptured cerebral aneurysms (URCAs), detection of the risk of aneurysmal rupture is also useful for patient management.

OBJECTIVE: Electrocardiographic (ECG)-gated 3D-CT angiography was performed for patients with RCAs and URCAs using 320-row area detector LY3009104 nmr CT (ADCT) to detect pulsation of the cerebral aneurysms. The clinical usefulness

of this method was then evaluated.

METHODS: Twelve patients had 12 RCAs, and 39 patients had

53 URCAs. A 320-row ADCT system KU-60019 research buy was used to scan. ECG-gated reconstruction was then performed with the R-R interval divided into 20 phases.

RESULTS: Pulsation was observed in 10 of the 12 RCAs. The bleeding site was considered to correspond to the area of pulsation. Pulsation was observed in 14 of 53 URCAs. Thirteen patients with 18 URCAs were followed. Of the 11 URCAs in which pulsation was not observed, 1 showed a change in shape. Of the 7 URCAs in which pulsation was observed, 3 showed a change in shape. URCAs in which pulsation was observed were more likely to show a change in shape (P = .082).

CONCLUSION: The area of pulsation was found to correspond to the bleeding site in many RCAs. This information would be extremely useful

for treatment planning. The detection of pulsation in an URCA is therefore considered to provide useful information for patient management.”
“Rotavirus replication and virulence are strongly influenced by virus strain and host species. The rotavirus proteins VP3, VP4, VP7, NSP1, and NSP4 have all been implicated in strain and species restriction of replication; however, the mechanisms have not been fully determined. Simian (RRV) and bovine (UK) rota-viruses have distinctive replication capacities in mouse extraintestinal organs such as the biliary tract. Using reassortants between UK and RRV, we previously demonstrated that the differential replication of these viruses in mouse embryonic 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase fibroblasts is determined by the respective NSP1 proteins, which differ substantially in their abilities to degrade interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and suppress the type I IFN response. In this study, we used an in vivo model of rotavirus infection of mouse gallbladder with UK x RRV reassortants to study the genetic and mechanistic basis of systemic rotavirus replication. We found that the low-replication phenotype of UK in biliary tissues was conferred by UK VP4 and that the high-replication phenotype of RRV was conferred by RRV VP4 and NSP1. Viruses with RRV VP4 entered cultured mouse cholangiocytes more efficiently than did those with UK VP4.

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