The effect of Brefeldin A CAS glufosinate ammonium on the agronomical parameters was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA).3. ResultsIn a preliminary experiment, we defined the lethal dose of glufosinate ammonium. Embryos excised from the nontransgenic spring wheat variety CY-45 were germinated in vitro. During each repeat experiment, only those embryos germinated which were placed onto medium without any glufosinate ammonium while 1�C4mg?L?1 effective medium concentration resulted in neither shoots nor roots (Figure 1). This information revealed that, during germination, the lethal dose of glufosinate ammonium must be less than 1mg?L?1 in this experiment.Figure 1Germination of mature embryos of the nontransgenic spring wheat variety CY-45 on media containing 0, 1, 2, and 4mg?L?1 glufosinate ammonium (from left to right) on the tenth day of culture.

bar * 1.0cm. …In the course of the test for herbicide resistance of the transgenic wheat line ��T-124,�� as it was expected, genetic segregation of the bar gene was not observed in the experimental plant population. This fact was confirmed by RT-PCR as well (Figure 2). Every embryo germinated under herbicide pressure; consequently, the resistance test was done with 112 transgenic wheat plants. Embryos germinated with the same intensity but, noticeably, the presence of 5000mg?L?1 glufosinate ammonium in the medium led to slower germination. Plantlets had shoots only 1cm in length on the seventh day of culture while those growing on the other media had shoots 11-12cm in length at the same timepoint (Figure 3).

Those treated with 5000mg?L?1 glufosinate ammonium during germination stayed behind in development and growth compared to the others throughout the entire growing period. They only began to flower when the others had already been ready for harvesting (Figure 4), and finally, their growing period was prolonged by three weeks. In spite of these observations, every plantlet grew to maturity and developed 773 spikes in total (100%). According to visual qualification of the seeds, 311 spikes (40.2%) were considered as well filled while 462 others (59.8%) proved to be low filled (Figure 5). Obviously, partial and total sterility occurred only among the low-filled ones (19 spikes (2.4%) and 7 spikes (0.9%), resp.).Figure 2Detection of RNA transcripts derived from the herbicide resistance gene bar by electrophoresis of RT-PCR products. The white arrow shows the expected 375bp fragment. Markers: ��-DNA digested with EcoRI and HindIII restriction enzymes. …Figure Batimastat 3Germination of mature embryos of the transgenic spring wheat line ��T-124�� on media containing 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 5000mg?L?1 glufosinate ammonium (from left to right) on the seventh …