The

influences of P(VP-b-MMA-b-VP) on the morphologies CAL-101 manufacturer of the blend membranes were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical compositions in membrane surface layers were measured by X-ray photoelectron measurement. Water contact angle and water flux experiments were used to evaluate the hydrophilicity and permeation properties of the blend membranes. It was found that the P(VP-b-MMA-b-VP) copolymers could be retained in membrane stably in membrane formation and application process. The copolymers could enrich in surface layer and endowed the blend membrane with efficient hydrophilicity and higher water permeation flux. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl LY2835219 ic50 Polym Sci 119: 2953-2960, 2011″
“Measurements of the effect of long duration UV irradiation (up to 2905 min) of flight quality diamondlike carbon charge state conversion surfaces for application in space research in the presence of a hydrocarbon atmosphere were done. An isopropanol atmosphere was used for simulating the hydrocarbon gaseous environment for an instrument on a satellite in space. Charge state conversion surfaces are used in neutral particle sensing instruments where neutral atoms have to be ionized prior to the analysis. A narrow-band (126 +/- 5 nm) discharge lamp

and a broad-band deuterium lamp (112-370 nm) were used GSK2126458 price as sources of UV radiation. The UV

irradiation of a surface results in the desorption of some volatiles present on the surface and the decomposition of others. Desorption of volatiles, mostly water, is observed for both UV sources. The decomposition of the hydrocarbons and the subsequent build-up of a hydrocarbonaceous layer is only observed for the broad-band UV lamp, which is more representative for the space environment. Unfortunately, the hydrocarbonaceous layer cannot be removed thermally, i.e., it is permanent, and causes a degradation of the performance of the charge state conversion surfaces. With the present measurements we can quantify the UV influence at which the degradation of the conversion surfaces becomes noticeable. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3517832]“
“Objectives. The aim of this study was to develop a numeric method to study the mechanical behavior of an endodontic instrument during different loading paths and to demonstrate the importance of the behavior model in the finite element results.

Study design. A numeric study of an endodontic instrument was carried out. At first, the geometry was meshed with a finite element code. Then, 3 among the most representative loadings in clinical use, i.e., bending, torsion, and nonproportional bending-torsion, were studied.