The study also aimed the increasing of OMV yield and the employment of the generated data for further experiments relative to the development and scaling up of the vaccine production process. The inoculum of N. meningitidis B strain N44/89 (Instituto Adolpho Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil) was prepared according to Gotschlich et al. [24]. The inoculum, Catlin medium without iron supplementation and 7-L bioreactor preparation were described in previous work [25]. Cell concentration was expressed as

optical density at 540 nm and dry biomass weight per liter (g/L) after centrifugation of a known-volume sample at 3220 × g for 30 min, followed by pellet drying at 60 °C for 48 h. Glycerol concentration Tofacitinib measurement [26] was based on oxidation of glycerol by sodium periodate. The formic acid generated was titrated with a NaOH solution (0.125 N) and the volume consumed corresponded to the glycerol concentration. Glycerol concentrations were also confirmed by HPLC, model 10AVP (Shimadzu,

Kyoto, Japan) using an HPX-87H column (Bio Rad, AUY922 Hercules, CA, USA) after dilution of samples (1:5). A 5.0 mM sulfuric acid solution was used as mobile phase under flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Lactate concentrations were determined employing an automatic enzymatic analyzer (Yellow Spring, model YSI 2700 Select, Yellow Springs, OH, USA). OMV were separated from supernatant cultivation

after ultracentrifugation (Beckman, L8-M Ultracentrifuge, Palo Alto, CA, USA) of 50 mL samples at 30,000 rpm for 3 h. The obtained OMV were resuspended in 0.5 mL of 0.02% sodium azide. The amino acids concentrations were determined by HPLC, model 10AVP (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) employing Ultrasphere C-18 column (Beckman, Palo Alto, CA, USA). Protein concentrations Sodium butyrate in the OMV resupensions were estimated by Lowry’s method [27]. In order to verify IRP presence electrophoresis method was employed [28]. OMV were separated by SDS-PAGE (10% acrylamide/bisacrylamide gel) and the gel was stained with 0.1% Coomassie blue. The expression of IRP in the fractionated OMV extracts was estimated by the presence of 70–108 kDa bands [29]. For electronic microscopy, the negative contrast technique was employed. An OMV suspension contained in 15 μL of PBS, pH 7.2 was applied onto a parlodium/carbon coated 300 meshes copper grids during 2 minutes. The excessive fluid was removed from the grids and negative staining was carried out employing phosphotungstic acid 2%, pH 7.2 during 10 seconds. The grids were then examined under a transmission electronic microscope LEO 906E (Zeiss, Germany) operated at 80 kV with digital image capture system coupled. The main results of the batch tests are summarized in Table 1. All the experiments were carried out without iron supplementation.