These findings support the Selleck Vadimezan conclusion that paraquat produced apoptosis in SY5Y cells through the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway associated with p53.”
“A great deal of effort has been devoted to elucidating the psychopharmacology underlying

addiction and relapse. Long-term neuroadaptations in glutamate transmission seem to be of great relevance for relapse to stimulant abuse. In this study, we investigated amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference during adolescence and the reinstatement of the conditioned behavior following a priming injection of the drug 1 day (adolescence), 30 days (early adulthood) and 60 days (adulthood) after the extinction test. The nucleus accumbens was dissected immediately after the reinstatement test to examine alterations in GluR1 and NR1 subunits of glutamatergic receptors. Our results showed that a priming injection of amphetamine was able to reinstate the CPP 1 and 30 days after extinction. However,

it failed to reinstate the conditioned response after 60 days. GluR1 levels were decreased on days 1 and 30 but not on day 60 while NR1 levels were unaltered in the reinstatement test. Using a relapse model we found Caspase Inhibitor VI molecular weight that reinstatement of amphetamine-induced conditioning place preference during adolescence is long lasting and persists through early adulthood. Decreased levels of GluR1 in the nucleus accumbens might be related to the reinstatement of amphetamine-induced conditioning place preference. (C) 2008 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Both smoking and air pollution impair lung function, but little information is available regarding the combined effects on the pulmonary system. The potential effects of smoking and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were examined on lung function. Data were collected from family Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II health examinations of 867 subjects, aged 20-86 yr, in a Korean community. The subjects responded to a questionnaire interview and completed lung

function tests. Data on SO2 exposure were obtained from the Environmental Management Corporation. Studies sshowed that exposure to SO2 induced a short, marked decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in smokers compared with nonsmokers. The effect lasted up to 30 h after exposure. Consequently, preventive efforts are necessary to reduce the risks that air pollution and smoking pose to the respiratory system.”
“Delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has been reported to induce catalepsy-like immobilization, but the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. In the present study, in order to fully understand the neural circuits involved, we determined the brain sites involved in the immobilization effect in rats. THC dose-dependently induced catalepsy-like immobilization.