This mode results in the formation of finer structure of material (Figure 2a), in which the pressure was applied at the beginning of the sintering cycle and was remained constant (Figure 2b). The application of the maximum pressure at lower temperatures results CB-5083 in an increased porosity due to the presence of adsorbed gases. Shrinkage due to the evaporation of absorbed moisture and burnt impurities competes

with the process of thermal expansion in the first stage of the sintering process. Figure 1 The ZrO 2 -WC composite microstructure in the different regimes. SEM-SE image of the composite microstructure based on ZrO2 with 10 wt.% (a) and 20 wt.% (b) WC and SEM images ZrO2-WC ceramics in regime CCL (c). Figure 2

SEM-SE image of the microstructures of ZrO 2 -20 wt.% WC. WC was BAY 1895344 solubility dmso sintered at T = 1,350°C PF-02341066 in vitro and P = 30 MPa during the holding time (a) and T = 1,350°C and P = 30 MPa applied in the beginning of the sintering cycle (b). Moreover, the high purity of the starting powder and narrow particle size distribution were the cause of avoidance of abnormal growth (exceeding some medium-sized grains) and the homogeneity of the material microstructure. The latter circumstance is also characterized by a uniform distribution of density and, accordingly, the diameter of the microhardness indentation of the sample that allows to obtain materials with high mechanical properties and longer service life extension of ceramic products. The most uniform hardness distribution on the diameter of the sample was indicated in ZrO2-20 wt.% WC that was sintered at 1,300°C and with a pressure of 30 MPa with a holding time

of 2 min.Figure 3 shows the X-ray of the polished surface, and Figure 4a shows the X-ray of the fracture pattern and of the samples. The increasing number of monoclinic zirconium oxide peaks indicates that there is a tetragonal-monoclinic transformation during loading. The average grain size of the sample is 350 nm. The structure is homogeneous and contains no grains with sizes that differ greatly from Olopatadine the others. That is, the addition of 20 wt.% tungsten carbide further hardened the material based on zirconium oxide, while it demonstrated the abnormal grain growth and formation of a fine structure with a high content of tetragonal phase which is able to transform into the monoclinic phase (under the influence of stress) in the vicinity of the crack tip. Figure 3 XRD patterns of polished cross-sections of the ZrO 2 -20 wt.% WC composites. T = 1,350°C, P = 30 MPa, and holding time = 2 min. Figure 4 XRD patterns (a) and SEM-SE image of microstructure (b) of fractured surfaces of the ZrO 2 -20 wt.% WC composites. T = 1,350°C, P = 30 MPa, and holding time = 2 min. The microstructure of fracture surfaces of ceramics obtained at 1,350°C.