We then focus on how neural cell cycle dysregulation is related to CNS diseases. Neuronal apoptosis is often detected in acute injury to the CNS such as stroke and trauma, which are usually related to the blockade of the cell cycle at the G1-S phase. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Cl-amidine molecular weight Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Niemann-Pick disease type C, however, some populations of neurons complete DNA synthesis

but the cell cycle is arrested at the G2/M transition. This review summarizes advances in findings implicating cell cycle machinery in neuronal death in CNS diseases. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd.”
“Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis causes multifocal demyelination in the central nerve system. Although this disease generally responds well to steroid therapy, it is occasionally steroid-resistant, leading to poor outcomes. Serological markers of prognosis are currently unavailable. We measured anti-glycolipid antibodies

in 25 consecutive patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, selleckchem and found that four patients were positive for anti-galactocerebroside antibodies. All four patients had a poor response to steroids. We summarize clinical information on these four patients and three similar patients reported previously. This is the first report to describe concomitant involvement of the central nerve system and peripheral nervous system in anti-galactocerebroside antibody-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, consistent with the location of galactocerebroside, and to document a dramatic response

to repeated intravenous immunoglobulin therapy after unsuccessful steroid treatment in one patient. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: We evaluated targeted antimicrobial prophylaxis in men undergoing transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy based on rectal swab culture results.

Materials and Methods: From July 2010 to March 2011 we studied differences in infectious complications in men who received targeted vs standard empirical ciprofloxacin prophylaxis before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. Targeted prophylaxis used rectal swab cultures plated on selective media containing ciprofloxacin to identify fluoroquinolone resistant bacteria. C188-9 mw Patients with fluoroquinolone susceptible organisms received ciprofloxacin while those with fluoroquinolone resistant organisms received directed antimicrobial prophylaxis. We identified men with infectious complications within 30 days after transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy using the electronic medical record.

Results: A total of 457 men underwent transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy, and of these men 112 (24.5%) had rectal swab obtained while 345 (75.5%) did not. Among those who received targeted prophylaxis 22 (19.6%) men had fluoroquinolone resistant organisms.