coli under salt stress. When the level of soluble proteins was measured under salt stress, transgenic E. coli expressing DcHsp17.7 reproducibly showed slightly higher levels than control cells. This suggests that DcHsp17.7 performs molecular chaperone activity in salt-stressed

transgenic E. coli. Our results suggest that DcHsp17.7 is likely to be involved in tolerance not only to thermal stresses but also to other abiotic stresses, such as salinity.”
“Statistical experimental designs, involving a Plackett-Burman design followed by a rotatable central composite design were used to optimize the culture medium constituents for Bacillus thuringiensis bioinsecticide production. This was carried out by using firstly an asporogenic strain and extrapolated to some sporeless and sporulating strains. Initial screening of production parameters SHP099 datasheet was performed and the variables with statistically significant effects on delta-endotoxin production were identified: glucose, glycerol, yeast extract and MnSO4.

These variables were selected for further optimization by response surface methodology. The obtained results revealed that the optimum culture medium for delta-endotoxin production consists of 22.5 g/l of glucose, 4.8 g/l of glycerol, 5.8 g/l of yeast extract and 0.008 g/l of MnSO4. Under these conditions, delta-endotoxin production was 2130 and 2260 mg/l into 250 and 1000 ml flask respectively, which represent more than 38% improvement in toxin production over the basal medium (1636 mg/l). Such medium composition was shown to be suitable for overproducing delta-endotoxins URMC-099 cost by sporeless and sporulating strains.”
“This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Korean propolis against foodborne pathogens and spores of Bacillus cereus and to investigate the antimicrobial activity against B. cereus structure by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antimicrobial effects of the Korean propolis were tested against foodborne

pathogens including Gram-positive (B. cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescence) bacteria by agar diffusion assay. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive Tideglusib molecular weight than were Gram-negative bacteria. The vegetative cells of B. cereus were the most sensitive among the pathogens tested with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.036 mg/mu l of propolis on agar medium. Based on MIC, sensitivity of vegetative cells of B. cereus and its spores was tested in a nutrient broth with different concentrations of propolis at 37 degrees C. In liquid broth, treatment with 1.8 mg/ml propolis showed bactericidal effect against B. cereus. B. cereus vegetative cells exposed to 7.2 mg/ml of propolis lost their viability within 20 min. Against spores of B. cereus, propolis inhibited germination of spores up to 30 hours, compared to control at higher concentration than vegetative cells yet acted sporostatically.