The recent genome release offers the opportunity to analyse its complete degradation system. A total of 148 putative carbohydrate-active enzymes were identified, and their modular structures and activities were predicted. Among them, 62 dockerin-containing proteins bear catalytic modules from numerous carbohydrate-active enzymes’ families
and whose diversity reflects the chemical and structural complexity of the plant carbohydrate. The composition of the cellulosomes ACY-1215 chemical structure produced by C. cellutolyticum upon growth on different substrates (cellulose, xylan, and wheat straw) was investigated by LC MS/MS. The majority of the proteins encoded by the cip-cel operon, essential for cellulose degradation, were detected in all cellulosome preparations. In the presence of wheat straw, the natural and most complex of the substrates studied, additional proteins predicted to be involved in hemicellulose degradation were produced. A 32-kb gene cluster encodes the majority of these proteins, all harbouring carbohydrate-binding module 6 or carbohydrate-binding module CB-5083 order 22 xylan-binding modules along dockerins. This newly identified xyl-doc gene cluster, specialised in hemicellulose degradation, comes in addition of the cip-cel operon
for plant cell wall degradation. Hydrolysis efficiencies determined on the different substrates corroborates the finding that cellulosome composition is adapted to the growth substrate.”
“To determine whether the presence of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is associated with acute lung injury following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), we evaluated the activity and gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) of lungs using rat model of CPB. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: Group I (underwent cannulation + heparinization only); group II (underwent 60 min of normothermic CPB); and group III (underwent 60 min of normothermic of CPB, which
rats received doxycycline treat by filling stomach 1 week ahead of CPB). Lung injury was evaluated histologically. The enzyme activity of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the bronchoalveolar AZD6738 lavage fluid was detected by western-blot analysis. The expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in lung tissue was assessed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method. We found there was significantly pulmonary edema and lung injury in groups II and III compared with group I, and the histological markers of pulmonary edema in the Group III were less pronounced in comparison with Group II. The MMP-9 activity and gene expression were increased significantly, but the TIMP-1 increased slowly in group II, and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 was imbalanced severely. More significantly, the MMP-9 decreased significantly and the TIMP-1 mRNA increased gradually in group III compared with group II, and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 was improved significantly.