These findings emphasize a parsimonious principle of cerebral organization, where similar computational problems in different modalities are solved using similar solutions.”
“Several lines of studies have shown the existence of an important inhibitory mechanism for the control of water intake involving adrenergic alpha 2A receptors (ADRA2A). A human study using patients with schizophrenia

demonstrated an exacerbation of polydipsia by the administration of clonidine, an ADRA2A-agonist, and a relief of polydipsia by mianserin, an ADRA2A-antagonist, suggesting check details the involvement of the central adrenergic system in the drinking behavior of patients with schizophrenia. Based on these findings we examined a possible association between the C-1291G polymorphism in the promoter region of the ADRA2A gene and polydipsia in schizophrenia using a Japanese case-control sample. Our sample includes 348 patients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV) (84 with polydipsia and 264 without polydipsia). No significant association between the ADRA2A C-1291G polymorphism and polydipsia was found. Our result suggests

Selleck Belnacasan that the ADRA2A C-1291G polymorphism may not confer susceptibility to polydipsia in schizophrenia in our sample. Further studies with larger samples are warranted. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Although motor problems in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are prominent in infants, and continue into childhood and adulthood, there is little insight into the factors important for clinical management. The literature was reviewed to: (1) provide an overview of the characteristics and prevalence of motor problems and (2) evaluate the effects of growth hormone (GH) treatment and physical training on motor performance. A systematic search revealed 34 papers: 13 on motor performance; 12 on GH treatment; and nine on physical training. In infants, motor development is 30-57% of the normal reference values, and children and adults also have significant problems in skill acquisition, muscle force, cardiovascular fitness, and activity level. GH treatment

positively influenced motor performance in infants, children, and adults, although not all studies demonstrated an effect. All studies on physical training demonstrated beneficial effects in PWS patients. We suggest a combination of GH treatment and physical training to MTMR9 be started as soon as possible, especially in infants, to improve motor development as this will positively influence general development. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that recently emerged as potent regulators of gene expression. The members of the miR-17-92 cluster have been shown to control endothelial cell functions and neovascularization; however, the regulation and function of the cluster in endothelial cell lineage commitment has not been explored. This project aimed to test the role of the miR-17-92 cluster during endothelial differentiation.