Methods. Between 1993 and 2013, 629 patients (median age 61 years [50; 73], 64% men) underwent surgical procedures for type A dissection. Forty-one patients with BAV

were compared with 588 patients with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV). Results. The BAV patients were younger (55 years [46; 67] vs 61 years [51; 73] years; p smaller than 0.001), presented more frequently with moderate or severe aortic insufficiency (51% vs 34%; p = 0.039), cardiogenic shock (37 vs 21%; P = 0.029), and had larger ascending aorta diameters RG7420 (5.5 cm [5.1; 6.4] vs 4.8 cm [4.4; 5.5] cm; p smaller than 0.001). The BAV patients more frequently required aortic root replacement (81% vs 14%; p smaller than 0.001). Total arch replacement was performed in 5% of the BAV patients and 4% of the TAV patients.

In-hospital mortality (14.6% vs 13.1%; p = 1.0) and survival at 5, 10, and 15 years (56% +/- 8%, 46% +/- 10%, and 37% +/- 11% vs 68% +/- 2%, 49% +/- 3%, and 36% +/- 4%; log rank, p = 0.4) were similar in the BAV and TAV patients. Twenty (3%) TAV and no BAV patients underwent proximal reoperations (p = 0.6) at a median followup time of 4.1 years (range, 0.8 to 6.9 years). Conclusions. BAV patients experience dissection at a younger age and at a greater ascending aortic diameter. Extensive aortic root repair in BAV patients is not associated with higher in-hospital mortality and prevents the need for later proximal redo operation. (C) 2014 by The Society selleck chemical of Thoracic Surgeons”
“Active middle ear implants (AMEIs) have been studied to overcome the limitations of conventional hearing aids such as howling, occlusion, and social discrimination. AMEIs usually drive the oval window (OW) by means of transmitting vibrational force through this website the ossicles and the vibrational force corresponding to sound is generated from a mechanical actuator. Recently, round window (RW) stimulation using an AMEI such as a floating mass transducer (FMT) to deliver sound to the cochlea has

been introduced and hearing improvement in clinical use has been reported. Although previous studies demonstrated that the auditory response to RW stimulation was comparable to a sound-evoked auditory response, few studies have investigated the quantification of the physiologic performance of an AMEI through RW stimulation on the inner ear in vivo. There is no established relationship between the cochlear responses and mechanical stimulation to RW. The aim of this study is to assess the physiologic response in RW stimulation by an AMEI. The transferred energy through the RW to the inner ear could estimate the response corresponding to acoustic stimulation in order to quantify the AMEI output in the ossicular chain or OW stimulation.

We show that the polarity machinery

at the hyphal tip plays a role in the thigmotropic response of N. crassa. Deletion of N. crassa genes encoding the formin, BNI-1, and the Rho-GTPase, CDC-42, an activator of BNI-1 in yeast, CDC-24, its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), and BEM-1, a scaffold protein in the same pathway, were all shown to significantly decrease the thigmotropic response. In contrast, deletion of genes encoding the cell end-marker protein, TEA-1, and KIP-1, the kinesin responsible for the localisation of TEA-1, significantly increased the thigmotropic response. These results suggest a mechanism of thigmotropism involving vesicle delivery to the hyphal tip via the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules. Neurospora crassa CH5183284 thigmotropic response differed subtly from that of Candida buy Galunisertib albicans where the stretch-activated calcium channel, Midi., has been linked with thigmotropic behaviour. The MID-1 deficient mutant of N. crassa (Delta mid-1) and the effects of calcium depletion were examined here but no change in the thigmotropic response was observed. However, SPRAY, a putative calcium channel protein, was shown to be required for N. crassa thigmotropism. We propose that the thigmotropic response is a result of changes in the polarity machinery at the hyphal tip which are thought to be downstream effects of calcium signalling pathways triggered by mechanical stress at

the tip. (C) 2014 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The objective of this study was to investigate the

effect of processing type of feed on the fattening performance and carcass traits of Awassi ram lambs. A total of 26, three month old Awassi ram lambs were used and randomly allocated into three groups (group 1, fed with ground feed, n = 8; group 2, fed with pellet feed, n = 9; group 3, fed with extruded pellet feed, n = 9). The results showed that total weight gain and Average Daily Gain (ADG) of ram lambs during the study were 12.8 +/- 1.1 kg and 180.9 +/- 17.7 g for group 1, 12.8 +/- 0.9 kg and 252.1 +/- 21.5 g for group 2 and 14.6 +/- 0.6 kg and 287.8 +/- 23.4 g for group 3, respectively. The difference of ADG among groups were significant (p<0.01). Lambs fed with extruded pellet feed (group 3) tend to have lower fattening period (19 d less) SB525334 manufacturer than group 1 (p = 0.07). Slaughter weight, warm and cold carcass weight, dressing percentage, fat thickness and Muscles Longissimus Dorsi (MLD) area were found not to be statistically significant (p>0.05). The results of the current study shows that feeding of Awassi ram lambs with extruded feed had positive effects on fattening performance, Feed Conversion Rate (FCR) and fattening period which are economically important for sheep farms.”
“Anti-angiogenic agents combined with histone deacetylase inhibitors act synergistically in vitro and in vivo.

Of the 10 adults (aged

28-55 years), 1 had 100% facial repigmentation in 3 months, 1 had 76% to 99% facial repigmentation in 5 to 9 months, and 2 had 26% to 50% repigmentation in 3 months. Twelve patients developed some facial repigmentation. OSI-906 cell line No patients experienced atrophy, telangiectases, or lesion enlargement during treatment. Combination calcipotriene 0.005%-betamethasone dipropionate 0.064% ointment shows promise as a once-daily vitiligo therapy. Adult and pediatric facial vitiligo patients may see repigmentation as early as 2 months after initiation of therapy. Children may experience a better response, but larger studies are needed. Cutis. 2011;88:256-259.”
“Introduction: Homozygosity for interleukin-6 (IL-6) 174G_C promoter polymorphism has recently been associated with indices of metabolic syndrome; however, this problem has not been investigated in non-obese subjects. The aim of this study was to explore the relation between abdominal fat distribution and some inflammatory risk factors of atheromatosis and IL-6 174G_C gene polymorphism in non-obese healthy subjects.\n\nMaterial and methods: Relationships were investigated between anthropometric variables, i.e. weight, height, BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat distribution (DXA), serum CRP and IL-6, insulin

sensitivity/resistance indices, and IL-6 learn more 174G_C gene polymorphism, in healthy non-obese Polish subjects: 232 women (age 31.4 +/- 5.5 years) and 199 men (age 30.3 +/- 6.0 years).\n\nResults: The genetic study revealed that the CC genotype was observed in 15.56% of subjects, the CG genotype in 52.74%, and the GG genotype in 31.7%. IL-6 and CRP

concentration did not differ among the genotypes. There were also no differences regarding BMI and WHR. The only differences among genotypes, observed only in men, were those concerning total fat (CC had higher fat content than CG and GG); the difference being statistically significant between CC and GG (p < 0.05), and gynoidal fat deposit (CC had higher gynoidal fat deposit than CG and GG); the difference being statistically significant between MK-8776 ic50 CC and GG (p < 0.025) and between CC and CG (p < 0.05). Biochemical parameters and insulin sensitivity did not differ among the genotypes.\n\nConclusions: These data show that IL-6 174G_C polymorphism is not associated with features describing metabolic syndrome in non-obese healthy subjects. (Pol J Endocrinol 2009; 60 (3): 172-179)”
“Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of atypical antipsychotic use in privately insured children and the diagnoses associated with treatment. Study design. Claims were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study of children aged 2 through 18 years in the Midwest, covered by private insurance between 2002 and 2005 (n = 172 766). The 1-year prevalence of children receiving atypical antipsychotics was determined along with associated diagnoses. Results.

We found that EDEF increases significantly with decreasing air pressure, presumably due to diminishing of adsorption screening at the polar faces. Teflon plates, covering the polar faces, prevent accumulation of screening charged particles, resulting in a significant H 89 increase in EDEF. Our experimental results highlight the feasibility of EDEF application in micro- and nanotechnology as a contactless controlled electrical field. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3474664]“
“Objectives/Hypothesis: Recently, the Harmonic scalpel (HS) has been used in head and neck surgery

as an alternative to conventional hand-tied ligation for hemostasis. Limited data have been published on the evidence of its safety in neck dissection (ND), especially in radical ND. We intended to investigate the safety and efficacy of the HS in ND, while using conventional hand-tied ligation to a minimum. Method: Fifty-nine patients who underwent ND with primary head and neck cancer

resection were enrolled in this study. The group using HS consisted of 29 patients, and the conventional hand-tied ligation technique (CT) group comprised of 30 patients. The following variables were examined: operating time, intraoperative bleeding, incidence of perioperative complications, the number of lymph nodes, total amount of drainage, duration of drain placement, and days of hospital AC220 nmr stay. Result: The use of the HS reduced the operating time of comprehensive ND by an average of 46.5 minutes BIIB057 price (P < 0.001), and blood loss was significantly decreased in the HS group than the CT group (163.8 +/- 33.8 cc vs. 203.8 +/- 36.5 cc, P = 0.002). The number of lymph nodes was not significantly different between the two groups. No significant difference was observed in the total amount of drainage, duration of drain placement,

days of hospital stay, and perioperative complications. Conclusions: The HS is a relatively safe and effective alternative method for hand-tie ligation in ND. Moreover, the HS significantly reduced the operating time and amount of blood loss.”
“Background: The poor vascularity of tendons is a major factor in their limited healing capacity. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) on angiogenesis during tendon healing. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits were used. The Achilles tendon was transected transversely and 0.5 ml of PRP was injected into the tendon mass on each side of the incision on both limbs. The injection in the control group consisted of saline. Six animals from each group (12 tendons each) were sacrificed after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks following treatment. Three sections from each Achilles were stained with hematoxylinosin for microscopic examination.

To quantify accuracy, we decomposed mixtures of known parasite genotypes and obtained highly accurate ( bigger than 99%) single-cell genotypes. We applied this validated approach

directly to infections of two major malaria species, Plasmodium falciparum, for which long term culture is possible, and Torin 2 Plasmodium vivax, for which no long-term culture is feasible. We demonstrate that our single-cell genomics approach can be used to generate parasite genome sequences directly from patient blood in order to unravel the complexity of P. vivax and P. falciparum infections. These methods open the door for large-scale analysis of within-host variation of malaria infections, and reveal information on relatedness and drug resistance haplotypes that is inaccessible through conventional sequencing of infections.”
“OBJECTIVE: To characterize youth seeking care for assault injuries, the context of violence, and previous emergency department (ED) service utilization to inform ED-based injury prevention. METHODS: A consecutive sample of youth (14-24) presenting to an urban ED with an assault injury completed a survey of partner violence, gun/knife victimization, gang membership, and context of the fight. RESULTS: A total of 925 youth entered the ED with an assault injury; 718 completed

the survey (15.4% refused); 730 comparison youth were sampled. The fights leading to the ED visit occurred at home (37.6%) or on streets (30.4%), and were commonly with a known person (68.3%). Fights were caused by issues of territory (23.3%) and retaliation AZD5153 in vitro (8.9%); 20.8% of youth reported substance use before the

fight. The assault-injured group reported more peer/partner violence and more gun experiences. Assault-injured youth reported higher past ED utilization for assault (odds ratio [OR]: 2.16) or mental health reasons (OR: 7.98). Regression analysis found the assault-injured youth had more frequent weapon use (OR: 1.25) and substance misuse (OR: 1.41). CONCLUSIONS: Assault-injured youth seeking ED GSK923295 chemical structure care report higher levels of previous violence, weapon experience, and substance use compared with a comparison group seeking care for other complaints. Almost 10% of assault-injured youth had another fight-related ED visit in the previous year, and similar to 5% had an ED visit for mental health. Most fights were with people known to them and for well-defined reasons, and were therefore likely preventable. The ED is a critical time to interact with youth to prevent future morbidity.”
“The sperm characteristics of Dorper, Santa Ines and undefined breed ram in the rainy and dry seasons was assessed. After collection with an artificial vagina, the semen was evaluated for volume, turbulence, motility, viability, morphology and concentration, frozen and stored in a cryogenic cylinder. After thawing kinematic sperm, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity and mitochondrial activity were evaluated.

The mainstay of antihypertensive GSK2126458 therapy is now inhibition of the renin-angiotensisn system involving the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers. The appropriate blood pressure level for the commencement of these drugs and what should be the achieved blood pressure in individuals with diabetes remain controversial. Promising new therapies are currently

under preclinical investigation or in early stage clinical trials, and hopefully these newer agents, probably used as adjunct therapies, will further improve the prognosis of individuals with diabetes with early or overt renal disease.”
“X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene. Up to now, more than 1 050 mutations have been reported in the ABCD1 gene, of which only 10 are multiple mutations in one allele of the gene. In this study, we report 2 novel multiple mutations

in 2 patients with X-ALD from NSC 19893 2 unrelated Chinese families. Total RNA and genomic DNA were isolated from peripheral blood of the 2 patients, and the ABCD1 gene was analyzed by direct sequencing and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. We detected [p.Ser108X+p.Arg259Trp] in patient 1, [p.Lys217Glu+p.Val489Val] in patient 2 in one allele of the ABCD1 gene. Both novel multiple mutations

have not previously been reported and this is the first report of multiple find more mutations identified in Chinese patients with X-ALD.”
“This study aimed to compare the outcome of a pancreas-preserving technique consisting in a two-step procedure (external tube pancreatostomy (ETP) after resection of dehisced anastomosis followed by late anastomosis completion) with that of completion pancreatectomy (CP) for grade C fistulas complicating pancreaticoduodenectomies (PDs).\n\nCP is the most commonly performed operation to treat a dehisced pancreato-jejunal anastomosis associated with deteriorating clinical status or hemorrhage. However, mortality of CP is high and long-term consequences are severe.\n\nAll consecutive patients who underwent PD between 1990 and 2010 were identified. Clinicopathological data, operative details, and outcomes were analyzed.\n\nOut of 370 patients, 112 (30.2 %) developed a pancreatic fistula, which was severe (grade C) in 47 cases. Forty-two patients were treated surgically by CP (n = 23; median time following PD, 10 days), ETP (n = 9; median time following PD, 8 days) or other various procedures (n = 10). Indications for re-operation and operative time of CP and ETP (207.5′ versus 170′, respectively) were similar, while postoperative mortality was significantly higher after CP (43.5 % versus 0 %, p = 0.030).

We aimed to describe socioeconomic disparities in the United States across multiple health indicators and socioeconomic groups.\n\nMethods. Using recent national data on 5 child (infant mortality, health status, activity limitation, healthy eating, sedentary adolescents) and 6 adult (life expectancy, health status, activity limitation,

heart disease, diabetes, obesity) health indicators, we examined indicator rates across multiple income or education categories, overall and within racial/ethnic groups.\n\nResults. Those with the lowest income and who were least educated were consistently least healthy, Staurosporine manufacturer but for most indicators, even groups with intermediate income and education levels were less healthy than the wealthiest and most educated. VX-809 nmr Gradient patterns were seen often among non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites but less consistently among Hispanics.\n\nConclusions. Health in the United States is often, though not invariably, patterned strongly along both socioeconomic and racial/ethnic lines, suggesting links between hierarchies of social advantage and health. Worse health among the most socially disadvantaged argues for policies prioritizing those groups, but pervasive gradient patterns also indicate a need to address a wider

socioeconomic spectrum-which may help garner political support. Routine health reporting should examine socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparity patterns, jointly and separately. (Am J Public Health. 2010;100:S186-S196. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.166082)”
“A large number of parameters such as material properties, geometry, and structural strength are involved in the design and analysis of cemented hip implants. Uncertainties in these parameters have a potential to compromise the structural performance and lifetime of implants. Statistical analyses are well suited to investigating this type of problem as they can estimate the influence of these uncertainties on the incidence of failure. Recent investigations have focused on the effect of uncertainty in cement properties and loading condition

on the integrity of the construct. The present study hypothesizes that geometrical uncertainties will play a role in cement mantle failure. Finite element P5091 input parameters were simulated as random variables and different modes of failure were investigated using a response surface method (RSM). The magnitude of random von Mises stresses varied up to 8 MPa, compared with a maximum nominal value of 2.38 MPa. Results obtained using RSM are shown to match well with a benchmark direct Monte Carlo simulation method. The resulting probability that the maximum cement stress will exceed the nominal stress is 62%. The load and the bone and prosthesis geometries were found to be the parameters most likely to influence the magnitude of the cement stresses and therefore to contribute most to the probability of failure.”
“Schistosomiasis is among the most prevalent human parasitic diseases, affecting more than 200 million people worldwide(1).

2072ngml(-1)h, 90% CI = 126.2, 147.5) and peak exposure (C-max) by

5% (247 vs. 236ngml(-1)). Multiple doses of rifampicin increase apremilast clearance approximate to 3.6-fold and decrease apremilast mean AUC(0,) by approximate to 72% (3120 vs. 869ngml(-1)h, 90% CI = 25.7, 30.4) and C-max (from 290 vs. 166ngml(-1)) relative to that of apremilast given alone. A 30min intravenous infusion of rifampicin 600mg had negligible effects on the overall exposure (AUC(0,)) of apremilast (2980 vs. 3120ngml(-1)h, 90% CI = 88.0, 104.1). ConclusionKetoconazole slightly decreased apremilast clearance, resulting in a small increase in AUC which is probably not meaningful clinically. However, the effect of CYP3A4 induction by rifampicin on apremilast clearance is much more pronounced than that of CYP3A4 inhibition by ketoconazole. Strong CYP3A4 inducers may result in a loss of efficacy of apremilast because of decreased drug exposure.”
“Bone Temsirolimus chemical structure regeneration in the alveolar process and dental implant are widely used and there are a lot of different products. The aim of this research was to know the bone

reparation associated to bone substitute with calcium sulfate and a biological membrane in created defects in rabbit tibiae. Were selected 12 rabbit between 3 and 6 month to be operated; using previous anesthesia protocols was do it a surgical defect in the right and left tibiae with 2.6 mm diameter; four groups were created:

group I with blood clot fill, group II with blood clot fill plus biological membrane, group P5091 clinical trial III with calcium sulfate and group IV with calcium sulfate plus biological membrane. The euthanasia was made in 21 and 42 days before surgery and was obtained histological plate using hematoxillin and eosin. The histomorphometry was made and statistical analysis using ANOVA and Turkey test with p smaller than 0.05 to obtain statistical differences. Were observed in the all created defects a regular bone reparation; the group I and II, with blood clot, showed a minor bone reparation than group III and IV with calcium sulfate, but these last one show an important inflammatory process; the group IV presented the better results at selleck products 21 and 42 euthanasia days in term of bone formation. It’s conclude that calcium sulfate can be used in bone reparation of minor defects and the biological membrane can be used in guide bone regeneration with success.”
“Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) is one of the major isoforms of the family of glucose transporter proteins that facilitates the import of glucose in human cells to fuel anaerobic metabolism. The present study was meant to determine the extent of the anaerobic/hypoxic state of the intratumoral microenvironment by staining for GLUT-1 in intracranial non-embolized typical (WHO grade I; n=40), brain invasive and atypical (each WHO grade II; n=38) and anaplastic meningiomas (WHO grade III, n=6).

Enteritidis PT30 strains isolated from orchards. AZD4547 These data indicate that S. Enteritidis PT9c and 30 strains are highly related genetically and that PT30 orchard strains differ from clinical

PT30 strains metabolically, possibly due to fitness adaptations.”
“We studied causes of death (CoDs) between 1952 and 1991 assessed by a clinician before autopsy and then determined at autopsy by a pathologist in 369 subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 370 subjects without RA (non-RA). We analysed clinical data for RA subjects between 1973 and 1991. In RA subjects, leading autopsy-based CoDs were RA, cardiovascular diseases and infections. Between diagnoses of CoDs by the clinician and those determined by the pathologist, RA subjects had lower agreement than did the non-RA regarding coronary deaths (Kappa reliability measure: 0.33 vs. 0.46). In non-RA subjects, autopsy-based coronary deaths showed a decline since the 1970s with no such decline in RA. Between subjects treated at any time during RA with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and those without, autopsy-based

CoDs were similar. Coronary death being less accurately diagnosed in RA subjects may indicate that coronary heart disease in RA patients often remains unrecognized.”
“Background: In locally advanced rectal cancer, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiation is the standard treatment. The main acute toxicity of this treatment is enteritis. Due to its potential radiosensitizing properties, MI-503 chemical structure oxaliplatin has recently been incorporated in many clinical chemoradiation protocols. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent 5-FU and oxaliplatin buy Savolitinib influence the radiation (RT) induced small bowel mucosal damage when given in conjunction with single or split dose RT.\n\nMethods: Immune competent balb-c mice were treated with varying doses of 5-FU, oxaliplatin (given intraperitoneally) and total body RT, alone

or in different combinations in a series of experiments. The small bowel damage was studied by a microcolony survival assay. The treatment effect was evaluated using the inverse of the slope (D(0)) of the exponential part of the dose-response curve.\n\nResults: In two separate experiments the dose-response relations were determined for single doses of RT alone, yielding D(0) values of 2.79 Gy (95% CI: 2.65 – 2.95) and 2.98 Gy (2.66 – 3.39), for doses in the intervals of 5-17 Gy and 5-10 Gy, respectively. Equitoxic low doses (IC5) of the two drugs in combination with RT caused a decrease in jejunal crypt count with significantly lower D(0): 2.30 Gy (2.10 – 2.56) for RT+5-FU and 2.27 Gy (2.08 – 2.49) for RT+oxaliplatin. Adding both drugs to RT did not further decrease D(0):2.28 Gy (1.97 – 2.71) for RT+5-FU+oxaliplatin. A clearly higher crypt survival was noted for split course radiation (3 x 2.5 Gy) compared to a single fraction of 7.5 Gy.

Both phylotypes coexist in siboglinids at 1,036 m from the Palmachim disturbance, a cold seep in the Eastern Mediterranean’s Levantine basin. click here Our results, combined with existing knowledge of siboglinid host and endosymbiotic bacteria biogeography, reveal that two major groups of endosymbionts coexist within lamellibranchids and escarpids. The phylogenetic clustering of these bacteria is primarily influenced by geographic location, rather than selection by the siboglinid host.”
“Determining a post-mortem interval using the weight or length of blow fly larvae to calculate the insect’s age

is well established. However, to date, there are only a handful studies dealing with age estimation of blow fly pupae, in which weight or length cannot be used as a relevant parameter. The analysis of genetic markers, which indicate a

certain developmental stage, can extend the period for a successful post-mortem interval determination. In order to break new ground GSK1210151A supplier in the field of age determination of forensic relevant blow flies, we performed a de novo transcriptome analysis of Calliphora vicina pupae at 15 different developmental stages. Obtained data serve as base to establish molecular age determination techniques. We used a new, deeper, and more cost-effective digital gene expression

profiling method called MACE (Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends). We generated 15 libraries out of 15 developmental stages, with 3-8 million reads per library. In total, 53,539 distinct transcripts were detected, and 7548 were annotated to known insect genes. The analysis provides high-resolution gene expression profiles of all covered transcripts, which were used to identify differentially expressed genetic markers see more as candidates for a molecular age estimation of C. vicina pupae. Moreover, the analysis allows insights into gene activity of pupal development and the relationship between different genes interesting for insect development in general. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Silk fibroin is a biomaterial being actively studied in the field of bone tissue engineering. In this study, we aimed to select the best strategy for bone reconstruction on scaffolds by changing various conditions. We compared the characteristics of each scaffold via structural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the swelling ratio, water uptake, porosity, compressive strength, cell infiltration and cell viability (CCK-8). The scaffolds had high porosity with good inter pore connectivity and showed high compressive strength and modulus.