Quantitative parameters were introduced and identification of a p

Quantitative parameters were introduced and identification of a pathogenic mutation in a first-degree relative has become a major diagnostic criterion. Caution in the interpretation of screening results is highly recommended because a ‘pathogenic’ mutation is difficult to define. Experimental data confirm that this genetically determined cardiomyopathy develops after birth because of progressive myocardial dystrophy, and is initiated by cardiomyocyte necrosis; cellular and animal models are necessary to gain insight

into the cascade of underlying molecular events. Crosstalk from the desmosome to the nucleus, gap junctions, and ion channels is under investigation, to move from symptomatic to targeted therapy, with the ultimate aim to stop disease selleckchem onset and progression.”
“Background: The purpose of this study was to observe changes in motor function using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and motor-evoked potential (MEP) in patients with thalamic hematoma treated by minimally invasive procedures. Methods: Forty-three patients

with thalamic hematoma were randomized to either a minimally invasive group (MI group) or a medical treatment group (MT group). The patients in the MI group underwent whole-brain DTI and MEP measurements both before and 2 weeks Selonsertib nmr after the thalamic hematoma was evacuated by minimally invasive procedures. The fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the corticospinal tract (CST) in the internal capsule and MEP ipsilateral

to the hematoma side and the contralateral side were determined and then compared with the MT group. Results: DTI showed that fibers in the internal capsule ipsilateral to the hematoma decreased either in number or were interrupted AZD8931 in vivo because of hematoma-induced damages, and in both groups, the CST FA values on admission were significantly lower (0.428 +/- 0.032 and 0.415 +/- 0.048 for the MI and MT groups, respectively) than the control values. Two weeks after the hematoma was evacuated, the number of fibers and the FA values of the CST in the internal capsule had both increased significantly relative to the values on admission. MEP was recorded simultaneously in all patients who were treated with minimally invasive procedures, and the latency of MEP decreased compared with the MT group. As FA values of the CST in internal capsule increased and MEP appeared with its latency decreased, the modified National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score decreased after the surgery. Conclusions: Minimally invasive procedures for thalamic hematoma evacuation could effectively reduce the degree of injury to the function as observed by a combination of DTI and MEP measurements.”
“Objective: Adenoidectomies and/or tonsillectomies are among the most frequently performed otolaryngological surgical procedures. The goals of this study were to investigate the relationship between the amount of bleeding and bacteremia during adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy procedures.

All rights reserved “
“Objectives: We aimed to investigate t

All rights reserved.”
“Objectives: We aimed to investigate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of the pulmonary vein ablation catheter (PVAC) catheter (a novel multielectrode catheter using duty-cycled bipolar and unipolar radiofrequency energy, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) to completely isolate the pulmonary veins (PVs).

Methods: Twenty-seven patients (60 +/- 8 years) with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) underwent PV isolation with the PVAC catheter. PVAC was used for both mapping and isolation of the PVs (PVAC-guided ablation). After PVAC ablation, presence/absence of PV potentials (PVP)

was verified using a conventional circular mapping catheter. In case of residual PVP on the circular catheter, PVAC ablation was continued.

Results: After PVAC-guided ablation 99 of 106 PVs (93%) and 21 of 27 patients (78%) were proven to be isolated. Failure to isolate was Copanlisib due to a mapping failure in four right-sided PVs and a true ablation failure in three right-sided PVs. After continued PVAC ablation, 103 of 106 PVs (97%) and 25 of 27 patients (93%) were shown to be isolated. The total procedural time from femoral vein access to complete catheter withdrawal was 176 +/- 25 minutes. The actual dwelling-time of the PVAC within

the left atrium was 102 +/- 37 minutes. Esophageal T degrees rise to > 38.5 degrees occurred in nine of 19 monitored TH-302 datasheet patients (47%).

Conclusions: (1) PVAC-guided ablation (i.e., mapping and ablation with a single catheter) results in isolation of all PVs

in 73% of the patients. (2) An additional circular mapping catheter is required to increase complete isolation rate to 93% of the patients. (3) Given the esophageal T degrees rise in almost 50% of patients, safety precautions are needed. (PACE 2010; 33:168-178).”
“The functionalized mesoporous activated carbon (FMAC) was used as support material for immobilization of acid protease (AP). Immobilization of acid protease on functionalized mesoporous activated carbon (AP-FMAC) performs as a suitable enzyme carrier. Under optimized condition pH (6.0) acid protease 150 mg g(-1) β-Nicotinamide price FMAC has been adsorbed. The optimum temperature for both free and immobilized AP activities was 50 degrees C. After incubation at 50 degrees C, the immobilized AP maintained 50% of its initial activity, while the free enzyme was completely inactivated. A significant catalytic efficiency was maintained along for more than five consecutive reaction cycles in AP-FMAC combination immobilized system. The functional groups of the AP, FMAC and AP-FMAC were observed by Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed us to observe the morphology of the surface of FMAC and the AP-FMAC. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Current literature and example cases are used to illustrate MEG c

Current literature and example cases are used to illustrate MEG contribution to clinical decision making, specifically whether a patient with pharmacoresistant epilepsy can move forward to epilepsy surgery. The main conclusion is that the largest role of MEG, as presently performed in the clinical environment, is to increase the number of patients who can go on to surgery, while it should not be used to deny surgery to any patient. MX69 research buy (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Background: In patients with malaria mixed species infections are common and under reported. In PCR studies conducted in Asia mixed infection rates often exceed 20%. In South-East Asia, approximately one third

of patients treated for falciparum malaria experience a subsequent Plasmodium vivax infection with a time interval suggesting relapse. It is uncertain whether the two infections are acquired simultaneously or separately. To determine whether mixed species infections in humans are derived from mainly from simultaneous or separate mosquito inoculations the literature on malaria species infection in wild captured anopheline

mosquitoes was reviewed.

Methods: The biomedical literature was searched for studies of malaria infection and species identification in trapped wild mosquitoes and artificially infected mosquitoes. The study location and year, collection methods, mosquito species, number of specimens, parasite stage examined (oocysts or sporozoites), Pevonedistat order and the methods of parasite detection and speciation were tabulated. The entomological results in South East Asia were compared with mixed infection rates documented in patients in clinical studies.

Results: In total 63 studies were identified. Individual anopheline mosquitoes were examined for different malaria species in 28 of these. There were 14 studies from Africa; four with species evaluations in individual captured mosquitoes (SEICM). One study, from Ghana, identified a single mixed infection. No mixed selleck compound infections were identified in Central and South America (seven studies, two SEICM). 42 studies

were conducted in Asia and Oceania (11 from Thailand; 27 SEICM). The proportion of anophelines infected with Plasmodium falciparum parasites only was 0.51% (95% CI: 0.44 to 0.57%), for P. vivax only was 0.26% (95% CI: 0.21 to 0.30%), and for mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infections was 0.036% (95% CI: 0.016 to 0.056%). The proportion of mixed infections in mosquitoes was significantly higher than expected by chance (P < 0.001), but was one fifth of that sufficient to explain the high rates of clinical mixed infections by simultaneous inoculation.

Conclusions: There are relatively few data on mixed infection rates in mosquitoes from Africa. Mixed species malaria infections may be acquired by simultaneous inoculation of sporozoites from multiply infected anopheline mosquitoes but this is relatively unusual. In South East Asia, where P.


“Epigenetic regulation in eukaryotic and


“Epigenetic regulation in eukaryotic and Pexidartinib in vitro mammalian systems is a complex and emerging field of study. While histone modifications create an open chromatin conformation allowing for gene transcription, CpG methylation adds a further dimension to the expression of specific genes in developmental

pathways and carcinogenesis. In this review, we will highlight DNA methylation as one of the distinct mechanisms for gene silencing and try to provide insight into the role of epigenetics in cancer progenitor cell formation and carcinogenesis. We will also introduce the concept of a dynamic methylation-demethylation system and the potential for the existence of a demethylating enzyme in this process. Finally, we will explain how re-expression of epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor genes could be exploited to develop effective drug therapies. In particular, we will consider how a combination

therapy that includes epigenetic drugs could possibly kill cancer progenitor cells and reduce the chance of relapse following chemotherapy.”
“Objective: We recently developed a new noninvasive SB273005 mouse registration method for image-guided otologic surgery (STAMP method). We investigated the benefit and potential drawback of our new method in clinical application and tested the feasibility of routine image-guided surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective case review.

Setting: Tertiary referral university

hospital.

Patients: Forty-six cases (45 patients) that underwent cochlear implantation in Kyushu University Hospital during PXD101 the period of 2007 and 2010 were informed of the option to use navigated surgery.

Intervention: Twenty-five cochlear implantations were performed using STAMP-registered image-guided surgery.

Main Outcome Measure: The error of image-guided surgery and time of surgery were collected and analyzed.

Results: STAMP method offered serviceable accuracy in 18/25 cochlear implantations. The learning curve suggested that the accuracy is at least stabilizing, if not improving, and the success rate is expected to rise. Time of cochlear implant surgery was not significantly extended by the use of image guidance.

Conclusion: STAMP method had comparable errors with minimal invasiveness. Our new method potentially enables routine use of image-guided surgery.”
“Animal bite injuries are prevalent worldwide, but the causative animal and the spectrum of injuries are dependent on the kind of animals cohabitating with the human population. Camel bites as a cause are relatively rare. Camels are particularly aggressive, especially during the mating season, when conflicts between the males occasionally lead to dangerous fights resulting in the death of one or both of the combatants.

This trial was registered at clinicaltrials gov as NCT00310726

This trial was registered at clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00310726. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:344-53.”
“We hypothesized that urinary symptoms in elderly females correlate poorly with urodynamic diagnosis, which would impact on management.

Charts of 53 consecutive females over age 80 undergoing multichannel urodynamics according to the International Continence Society

standards were retrospectively analyzed.

Median age was 83 years. Urodynamic stress incontinence was the most common diagnosis, in 26/53 (49%). Detrusor overactivity was found in only 12 (29%) of 42 females presenting with pure storage symptoms, and reduced compliance was seen in eight (19%). Urodynamics resulted in complete change in patient management in 43% of cases and helped 52% of referring physicians in confirming provisional diagnosis prior Vorinostat to drug or surgical treatment.

In octogenarian females, there is poor correlation between storage symptoms and urodynamic diagnosis. Thus, urodynamics guides patient management and may avoid empirical prescribing associated with adverse effects in this clinically vulnerable population.”
“Objective-To assess awareness, perceived relevance, and acceptance of surveillance and infection control practices at a large animal referral hospital HIF pathway among referring

veterinarians and clients who sent horses to the facility for veterinary care.

Design-Survey.

Sample-57 referring veterinarians and 594 clients.

Procedures-A 15-question survey targeting Salmonella enterica as an important pathogen of interest in horses was sent to clients who sent >= 1 horse to the University of Florida Large Animal Hospital for veterinary care during July 1, 2007, through July 1, 2011, and to veterinarians who had referred horses EVP4593 in vivo to the same hospital prior to July 1, 2011. Responses were summarized with descriptive statistics. The chi(2) test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to examine

associations among variables of interest.

Results-Survey response rates were low (57/467 [12%] for veterinarians and 594/3,095 [19%] for clients). Significantly more (35/56[63%]) veterinarians than clients (227/585 [39%]) were aware that the hospital operates a surveillance and infection control program. Most veterinarians (56/57 [98%]) and clients (554/574 [97%]) indicated that sampling and testing of horses to detect Salmonella shedding in feces at admission and during hospitalization was justified. In addition, on a scale of 1 (not important) to 10 (very important), veterinarians and clients indicated it was very important (median score, 10 (interquartile range, 8 to 10) for both groups) that a referral hospital operates a surveillance and infection control program.

(C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved “
“The time and s

(C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The time and space resolved characterization of laser-generated pulsed plasmas is useful not only for the comprehension of basic phenomena involved in the plasma generation and following supersonic expansion, but it also permits to control the nonequilibrium process that is useful for many applications (e.g., ion implantation). The “”on-line”"

characterization can be performed by means of Langmuir probes, ion collectors, and ion energy analyzers, in order to measure the plasma temperatures and densities of atoms, ions, and electrons. The investigated plasmas were generated by means of laser pulses with intensity of the order of 10(9) W/cm(2). The contemporary characterization of the electron (through the Langmuir selleck click here probe) and ion energy distribution functions, EEDF and IEDF, respectively, permits to correlate the ion properties, like charge states and temperatures, with the electron properties, like the shape of the EEDF at different times and distances from the ablated target surface. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3429242]“
“Protein loops,

the flexible short segments connecting two stable secondary structural units in proteins, play a critical role in protein structure and function. Constructing chemically sensible conformations of protein loops that seamlessly bridge the gap between the anchor points without introducing any steric collisions remains an open challenge. A variety of algorithms have been developed to tackle the loop closure problem, ranging from inverse kinematics to knowledge-based approaches that utilize pre-existing fragments extracted from known protein structures. However, many of these

approaches focus on the generation of conformations learn more that mainly satisfy the fixed end point condition, leaving the steric constraints to be resolved in subsequent post-processing steps. In the present work, we describe a simple solution that simultaneously satisfies not only the end point and steric conditions, but also chirality and planarity constraints. Starting from random initial atomic coordinates, each individual conformation is generated independently by using a simple alternating scheme of pairwise distance adjustments of randomly chosen atoms, followed by fast geometric matching of the conformationally rigid components of the constituent amino acids. The method is conceptually simple, numerically stable and computationally efficient. Very importantly, additional constraints, such as those derived from NMR experiments, hydrogen bonds or salt bridges, can be incorporated into the algorithm in a straightforward and inexpensive way, making the method ideal for solving more complex multi-loop problems.

95 and 0 94) There were no significant differences in the AUCs b

95 and 0.94). There were no significant differences in the AUCs between systole and diastole (p values >0.05). At stress, diastolic MBF estimates were significantly greater than systolic estimates (no CAD: 3.21 +/- 0.50 vs. 2.75 +/- 0.42 ml/g/min, p < 0.0001; CAD: 2.13 +/- 0.45 vs. 1.98 +/- 0.41 ml/g/min, p < 0.0001); but at rest, there were no significant differences (p values >0.05). Image quality was higher in systole than diastole (median score 3 vs. 2, p = 0.002).

Conclusions:

Quantitative 3D-perfusion CMR is feasible. Estimates of MBF are significantly different for systole and diastole at stress but diagnostic accuracy to detect CAD is high for both cardiac phases. Better image quality suggests that systolic ATM/ATR mutation data acquisition may be preferable.”
“Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the cephalometric pattern between mouth breathing children with primary dentition and mixed VX-680 dentition.

Methods: Cephalometric measurements of 126 mouth breathing children (MB) were compared to 126 nasal breathing controls (NB). Both groups were divided

into deciduous dentition (mean age 4 years, 8 months) and mixed dentition (mean age 7 years, 9 months) groups.

Results: A statistically significant difference was observed in the dentofacial patterns of MB children compared to NB children. The total length of the mandible was smaller in MB compared to NB children. However, this difference was found only in subjects with mixed dentition. The length of the mandibular corpus is similar in MB and NB children, although older MB children with mixed dentition had significantly smaller measurements. The lower anterior facial height was higher in MB compared to NB children, but this difference was evident only in younger children with primary dentition. Mandibular plane angle, Y-axis angle and lower anterior facial height to total anterior facial height ratio were greater, and posterior facial height to total anterior Liproxstatin-1 mouse facial height ratio was smaller in MB than NB

children, indicating that mouth breathers had a more vertical facial growth pattern. However, no differences were found in the vertical growth pattern associated with the stage of dental development. The ANB angle was not associated with the maturational status of occlusion. Linear measurements and the gonial angle were significantly different between children with primary and mixed dentition, but such differences were associated with normal vertical growth.

Conclusions: The present investigation rejected the null hypothesis and showed significant cephalometric differences between primary and mixed dentition MB children. Mouth breathing children in the mixed dentition have a smaller mandible (in terms of total length and corpus length) than nasal breathers. In children with primary dentition, the lower anterior facial height is higher in MB than in NB children.

We investigated the expression of these proteins and their clinic

We investigated the expression of these proteins and their clinical value in human cutaneous melanocytic lesions. Methods: We performed an immunohistochemical analysis to examine the expression and distribution of Apaf-1, BLZ945 caspase-9, Bcl-2, p53, and survivin in 36 cases of malignant melanoma (22 cases of primary melanoma and 14 cases of metastatic melanoma) and 41 cases of melanocytic nevus. Results: The expression of p53 was significantly higher in malignant melanoma than in melanocytic

nevus (p<0.01), however the expressions of Apaf-1 and caspase-9 were significantly lower in malignant melanoma compared with melanocytic nevus (p<0.01 and p=0.027, respectively). Also, there was a significant difference for Bcl-2 staining between primary melanomas and metastatic lesions (p=0.004). Nuclear staining for survivin were absent in nevus, but were positive in 14 of 36 melanomas (p<0.01). Conclusions: The altered expression this website of Apaf-1, caspase-9, p53, and survivin are considered to be related to malignant progression in human cutaneous melanocytic lesions. Loss of Bcl-2 can be considered as a prognostic marker of malignant melanomas.”
“To

report three cases of migrated levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG-IUS) into the pelvic/abdominal cavity removed laparoscopically with the aid of preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan imaging.

Three patients presenting with a missing LNG-IUS on examination and pelvic ultrasound are presented. A preoperative CT scan was performed, what helped in a successful removal of the LNG-IUS. The patients were discharged

home the same day of the procedure.

Our cases reinforce, besides the diagnosis of a migrated LNG-IUS by ultrasound, the fact that preoperative CT scan imaging assists in the diagnosis of the precise location of a migrated LNG-IUS into the pelvic/abdominal cavity and helps the physician in the prediction of the difficulty of the laparoscopic removal.”
“Copolymerization P005091 solubility dmso of norbornene (NBE) and polar norbornene derivatives undergoes vinyl polymerization by using novel catalyst systems formed in situ by combining bis(beta-ketoamino)Ni(II) complexes Ni[R1- C(O)CHC(NR3)R-2](2) (R-l = R-2 = CH3, R-3 = naphthyl, 1; R-1 = R-2 = CH3, R-3 = C6H5, 2; R-1 = C6H5, R-2 = CH3, R-3 = naphthyl, 3; R-l = R-2 = CH3, R-3 = 2, 6-(CH3)(2)C6H3, 4; R-1 = R-2 = CH3, R-3 = 2, 6-’Pr2C6H3 5; R-1 = C6H5, R-2 = CH3, R-3 = 2, 6-’Pr2C6H3, 6) and B(C6F5)(3)/AlEt3 in toluene. The 1/B(C6F5)(3)/AlEt3 catalytic system is effective for copolymerization of NBE with NBE-OCOCH3 and NBE-CH2OH, respectively, and copolymerization activity is followed in the order of NBE-CH2OH > NBE-OCOCH3 > NBE-CN. The molecular weights of the obtained poly-(NBE/NBE-CH2OH) reached 5.97 x 10(4) to 2.07 x 10(5) g/mol and the NBE-CH2OH incorporation ratios reached 7.0-55.4 mol % by adjusting the comonomer feedstock composition.

85] and 33 40 [24 63-44 05] mu g/mL) and for pyrimethamine (56 75

85] and 33.40 [24.63-44.05] mu g/mL) and for pyrimethamine (56.75 [46.40-92.95], www.selleckchem.com/products/blasticidin-s-hcl.html 58.75 [43.60-98.60] and 59.60 [42.45-86.63] ng/mL). There were statistically significant differences between the pyrimethamine volumes of distribution (4.65 [3.93-6.40], 4.00 [3.03-5.43] and 5.60 [4.40-7.20] L/kg; p = 0.001) and thus elimination half-life (3.26 [2.74 -3.82], 2.78 [2.24-3.65] and 4.02 [3.05-4.85] days; p < 0.001). This study confirmed the lower SP concentrations previously reported for young children when compared with adult malaria patients.

Conclusion: Despite slight differences

in pyrimethamine volumes of distribution and elimination half-life, these data show similar exposure to SP over the critical initial seven days of treatment and support the current use of SP in combination with either AQ or AS for uncomplicated falciparum malaria treatment in young Malian children.”
“As the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) evolves to AZD9291 include more targeted therapies, costs of treatment have increased significantly. Advances

in NSCLC treatment include longer survival duration, and in some cases, better progression-free survival and quality of life, and the potential for decreased toxicity. Through pharmacoeconomic analyses, payors seek to value the improvements in outcomes from novel therapies, and relate these improvements to their costs. In NSCLC, three categories of novel agents have been introduced into clinical practice: (1) agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); (2) agents targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and (3) novel chemotherapy agents, specifically pemetrexed. Here we review published economic analyses for these agents in lung cancer, and their potential impact on treatment decisions.”
“A series of fourteen (14) N-nitrophenyl-N’-(alkyl/aryl)urea and symmetrical 1,3-disubstituted urea derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antidepressant activity in mice. Among them, NSC 640488 N-(4-nitrophenyl)-N’-(1′-phenylethyl)urea (1), demonstrated

profound antidepressant property as reflected by significant reduction in the immobility time (89.83%), whereas compounds 2-6 showed activity values between 36 to 59% which were also larger than the standard phenelzine. Compounds 7-9 were less effective in reducing the immobility period of mice (26.20 to 31.01%). This variable magnitude of antidepressant activity appears to be related to the position of the nitro group to the parent molecules 1, 2, and 8. Compound 1 with the nitro group at para position showed to be the most effective antidepressant. However, the activity declined, if the nitro is attached to ortho and meta positions.”
“The microbes that accompany the etiologic agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae, are only now being defined. In this study, spirochetes from the genus Brachyspira were identified at high titers in more than one third of cholera patients in Bangladesh.

113 mu mol L(-1) for 4-methoxyphenol, 40 nA (mu mol L(-1))-1 for

113 mu mol L(-1) for 4-methoxyphenol, 40 nA (mu mol L(-1))-1 for pyrocatechol, respectively.

Results showed that sensitivities were at least 8500-55000 times higher than the results in previous P(GMA-co-VFc) related studies.

CONCLUSION: Facilitated electron transfer was achieved by means of mediator incorporated in conductive composites of VFc based redox copolymers. The effect was greater when enzyme was covalently bonded via epoxy groups due to the proximity of enzyme, mediator and electrode surface. Results showed that a multifunctional surface was provided on electrodes since the suggested copolymers could mediate an electrochemical reaction, and the multifunctional GSK2118436 price surface was capable of coating with conductive PPy. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Two CX-6258 in vivo new alkaloids, named 1,1-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-hydroxyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1) and (1R)-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-7-hydroxyl-8-O–d-glucopyranosyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (2), together with 11 known compounds (3-13), were isolated from the tubers of Corydalis humosa. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of

their spectroscopic and chemical evidence.”
“BACKGROUND: A novel bacterial strain, Gulosibacter sp. YZ4, has been isolated from activated sludge. Its

application potential for phenol biodegradation has not yet been reported, therefore, in this study, biodegradation tests using strain YZ4 were executed under different conditions.

RESULTS: The strain was identified as a new member of the genus Gulosibacter and nominated as Gulosibacter sp. YZ4. Phenol biodegradation tests showed that strain YZ4 could thoroughly biodegrade 1000 mg L(-1) phenol across a wide temperature range from 10 to 42 degrees C and pH range 5 to 11. Degradation of 1000 mg L(-1) phenol was not inhibited by the coexistence of p-cresol or quinoline. During phenol degradation, strain YZ4 learn more excreted both phenol hydroxylase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase to efficiently metabolize phenol. At 36 degrees C, pH 7.5, strain YZ4 could effectively degrade phenol at concentrations as high as 2000 mg L(-1) within 76 h. Haldane’s model with the parameters obtained from the experiments could successfully describe the behavior of the phenol biodegradation by the strain YZ4.

CONCLUSIONS: The strain YZ4 has a high potential for applications in phenol wastewater treatment in view of its adaptability to temperature and pH fluctuations and great tolerance to other coexistent toxics.